Sources

This bibliography is generated from two places: the numbered Sources section at the end of each chapter, and the claim ledger, which records each material claim with the source that supports it. It lists 1204 distinct sources and 2490 ledger claims as of October 27, 2026.

How sources on My Vote Forward are checked

A ledger claim marked as checked by its writer means the writer opened the source and recorded the passage that supports the claim. It is not an independent expert review, a legal opinion, or an endorsement by the source. A source that loads is not proof that it supports a claim, which is why the ledger records the supporting passage. Legal and procedural material changes over time and differs by jurisdiction; each entry shows the date the source was accessed.

Citing a source does not mean its author or publisher endorses My Vote Forward. Standards bodies such as the U.S. Election Assistance Commission and NIST publish guidance; citing that guidance is not a claim that they have reviewed or approved this framework.

My Vote Forward source list, A to Z

My Vote Forward sources are listed alphabetically by title, in groups.

My Vote Forward sources 1 to 1, part 1

My Vote Forward sources 1 to 10:

1. 10 U.S.C. 12406
   law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
   Cited on: Who decides defense and foreign affairs
2. 12 U.S.C. 225a, LII
   law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 2 ledger claims
   Cited on: Economy and Work, Economy and Work: who decides
3. 15 U.S.C. 1012
   law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
   Cited on: Health and Care: who decides
4. 15 U.S.C. 717f
   law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
   Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides
5. 16 U.S.C. 824
   law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
   Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides
6. 18 U.S.C. 1385
   law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
   Cited on: Who decides defense and foreign affairs
7. 18 U.S.C. 3142 (LII)
   law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
   Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
8. 18 U.S.C. 3591 (LII)
   law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
   Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
9. 18 U.S.C. 594
   law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
   Cited on: Intimidation, coercion, and vote buying, Coercion: pressure to vote or speak a certain way
10. 18 U.S.C. 611 Voting by aliens (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
    Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides, Eligibility: meeting the legal requirements to vote

My Vote Forward sources 1 to 2, part 2

My Vote Forward sources 11 to 20:

11. 18 U.S.C. 922 (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
12. 19 U.S.C. 1862, LII
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Economy and Work: who decides
13. 19 U.S.C. 2132, LII
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Economy and Work: who decides
14. 1News, Explained: The Cannabis Legalisation and Control Bill referendum
    1news.co.nz · source date 2020-09-14 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New Zealand · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: New Zealand’s 2020 referendums on end of life choice and cannabis
15. 2 U.S.C. 2a, Reapportionment of Representatives
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Apportionment: dividing House seats among the states
16. 20 U.S.C. 1232a, LII
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Education: who decides
17. 20 U.S.C. 1412, LII
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Education: who decides
18. 20 U.S.C. 3411, LII
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Education: who decides
19. 20 U.S.C. 6311, LII
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Education: who decides
20. 2025 Medicare Trustees Report
    cms.gov · source date 2025-06-18 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
    Cited on: Health and Care: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Health and Care: who decides, Health and Care: what the evidence shows

My Vote Forward sources 2 to 3, part 3

My Vote Forward sources 21 to 30:

21. 22 U.S.C. 2776
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Who decides defense and foreign affairs
22. 23 U.S.C. 134
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Infrastructure and Transport: who decides
23. 26 U.S.C. 25F, LII
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 2 ledger claims
    Cited on: Education, Education: who decides
24. 26 U.S.C. 4081
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
    Cited on: Infrastructure and Transport: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Infrastructure and Transport: who decides, Infrastructure and Transport: what the evidence shows
25. 26 U.S.C. 42
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Housing and Communities: who decides
26. 28 U.S.C. 534 (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
27. 29 U.S.C. 164, LII
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Economy and Work: who decides
28. 29 U.S.C. 206, LII
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Economy and Work: who decides
29. 29 U.S.C. 3122, LII
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 2 ledger claims
    Cited on: Education: who decides, Economy and Work: who decides
30. 33 CFR 101.105
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Handling levels: placarded issues and the care they get

My Vote Forward sources 3 to 4, part 4

My Vote Forward sources 31 to 40:

31. 33 CFR 101.200
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
    Cited on: Handling levels: placarded issues and the care they get, Handling level: how much care a question gets
32. 34 U.S.C. 10152 (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
33. 34 U.S.C. 12601 (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
34. 42 U.S.C. 2021
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides
35. 42 U.S.C. 3604
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Housing and Communities: who decides
36. 42 U.S.C. 4332
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides
37. 42 U.S.C. 4336a
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides
38. 42 U.S.C. 7410
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides
39. 42 U.S.C. 7411
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides
40. 42 U.S.C. 7416
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides

My Vote Forward sources 4 to 5, part 5

My Vote Forward sources 41 to 50:

41. 42 U.S.C. 7543
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides
42. 45 CFR 160.103
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Privacy: five kinds of data, five sets of rules
43. 45 CFR 164.302
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
    Cited on: Privacy: five kinds of data, five sets of rules, Security: three layers that must not be confused
44. 49 CFR 171.25(a)
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Handling levels: placarded issues and the care they get
45. 49 CFR 171.8
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Handling levels: placarded issues and the care they get
46. 49 CFR 172.504(a)
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
    Cited on: Handling levels: placarded issues and the care they get, Handling level: how much care a question gets
47. 49 CFR 173.2 Table 1
    law.cornell.edu · source date 2022-12-27 (87 FR 79774) · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
    Cited on: Handling levels: placarded issues and the care they get, Handling level: how much care a question gets
48. 5 key things to know about the margin of error in election polls (Pew)
    pewresearch.org · source date 2016-09-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: general · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Question design
49. 5 U.S. Code § 553 - Rule making
    law.cornell.edu · source date current code · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal) · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Agenda capture
50. 50 U.S.C. 1543
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Who decides defense and foreign affairs

My Vote Forward sources 5 to 5, part 6

My Vote Forward sources 51 to 60:

51. 50 U.S.C. 1544
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Who decides defense and foreign affairs
52. 50 Years of Women’s Suffrage in Switzerland (Law Library of Congress)
    blogs.loc.gov · source date 2021-04-28 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland, Switzerland (federal) · 5 ledger claims
    Cited on: Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short, Tyranny of the majority: when the larger number decides what the smaller number may do, Switzerland’s direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde, Cases: what real participation systems achieved, and where they failed
53. 52 U.S.C. 10101 (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Voter intimidation: pressure on voters and on the people who run elections
54. 52 U.S.C. 10301
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Who decides government and rights
55. 52 U.S.C. 10303(e) (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Language access: voting when English is not your strongest language
56. 52 U.S.C. 10307
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Intimidation, coercion, and vote buying
57. 52 U.S.C. 10503 (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Language access: voting when English is not your strongest language
58. 52 U.S.C. 10508 (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
    Cited on: Disability access: voting privately and independently with a disability, Language access: voting when English is not your strongest language
59. 52 U.S.C. 20501, National Voter Registration Act findings and purposes
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
    Cited on: Eligibility: meeting the legal requirements to vote, Registration: entering an eligible person on the voter roll
60. 52 U.S.C. 21081 (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 6 ledger claims
    Cited on: Disability access: voting privately and independently with a disability, Ballot: the official instrument of a vote, Secrecy: no one can link a voter to a ballot, Verification: checking that something is what it claims to be, Voter-verified paper record: the paper a voter can check before casting, Election technology: from lever machines to paper trails and voting system standards

My Vote Forward sources 5 to 8, part 7

My Vote Forward sources 61 to 70:

61. 52 U.S.C. 21082
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal) · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: What happens when the network or the system fails?
62. 52 U.S.C. 21083
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, United States (federal) · 6 ledger claims
    Cited on: Identity, authentication, eligibility, and registration, Jurisdictions: many laws, layered districts, no universal approval, Does a fingerprint or face scan prove someone is eligible to vote?, Is My Vote Forward an official voting service?, Identity proofing: tying an account to a real person, Registration: entering an eligible person on the voter roll
63. 52 U.S.C. 30121 (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Foreign interference: outside governments trying to shape another country’s vote
64. 8 U.S.C. 1103 (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
65. 8 U.S.C. 1151 Worldwide level of immigration (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
    Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
66. 8 U.S.C. 1157 (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
67. 8 U.S.C. 1158 Asylum (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
68. 8 U.S.C. 1324a (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
69. 8 U.S.C. 1357 (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
70. 8 U.S.C. 1373 (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides

My Vote Forward sources 8 to A, part 8

My Vote Forward sources 71 to 80:

71. 8 U.S.C. 1423 (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Language access: voting when English is not your strongest language
72. 8 U.S.C. 1427 (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
73. Aadhaar Act, 2016 (Gazette of India)
    uidai.gov.in · source date 2016 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: India · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Does a fingerprint or face scan prove someone is eligible to vote?
74. AAPOR Disclosure Standards, Code of Professional Ethics and Practice
    aapor.org · source date 2021-04 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: general, not applicable, United States (professional standard), United States (professional code) · 9 ledger claims
    Cited on: Measurement, Published releases: scheduled, reviewed, and the same for everyone, Governance: who decides, and how they answer for it, Can wealthy or organized groups dominate a priority-setting system?, What if most people never participate?, Who funds My Vote Forward, and could money shape it?, Is My Vote Forward just a poll with extra steps?, Who writes the questions, and how is wording kept fair?, Why should anyone trust a published release?
75. AAPOR Report on Online Panels, POQ
    web.stanford.edu · source date 2010-10-20 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (professional report) · 2 ledger claims
    Cited on: What if most people never participate?, Is My Vote Forward just a poll with extra steps?
76. AAPOR Standard Definitions, 10th edition
    aapor.org · source date 2023 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: general · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Measurement
77. AAPOR Standard Definitions, 10th edition
    aapor.org · source date 2023 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 2 ledger claims
    Cited on: Survey sampling: how a few thousand answers can describe millions, and when they cannot, Opt-in panels: the mathematics of self-selection and the limits of adjustment
78. AAPOR Task Force on 2020 Pre-Election Polling
    aapor.org · source date 2021 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: US · 2 ledger claims
    Cited on: Measurement, Opinion and choice
79. AAPOR, Transparency Initiative
    aapor.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Replication and preregistration: how social science checks itself, and how a civic platform can too
80. AARP and NAC, Caregiving in the US 2025
    aarp.org · source date 2025-07-24 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
    Cited on: Health and Care: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Health and Care: what the evidence shows

My Vote Forward sources A to A, part 9

My Vote Forward sources 81 to 90:

81. About the Democracy Voucher Program
    seattle.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Seattle, Washington · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Money in politics
82. Abowd et al., The 2020 Census Disclosure Avoidance System TopDown Algorithm, HDSR
    doi.org · source date 2022-06-24 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Differential privacy in practice: budgets, sensitivity, noise, and who bears the error
83. Abowd, KDD 2018
    doi.org · source date 2018 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Week 12: Identity, privacy, trust, and the capstone design review
84. ACE Project, Iceland’s Supreme Court nullifies Constitutional Convention election
    aceproject.org · source date 2011 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Iceland · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Iceland’s crowdsourced constitution: an open drafting process that stalled in parliament
85. Achen and Bartels, Democracy for Realists
    doi.org · source date 2016 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Week 1: Democracy between elections, and what officials actually hear
86. Act for Implementation of J.Y. Interpretation No. 748
    law.moj.gov.tw · source date 2019-05-22 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Taiwan · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Taiwan’s referendums, 2018 to 2021: lower thresholds, crowded ballots, and a calendar fight
87. AEC 2022 Tally Room, Informal by state
    results.aec.gov.au · source date 2022 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Australia (federal) · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Australia’s compulsory voting (1924 to present)
88. AEC 2022 Tally Room, Turnout by state
    results.aec.gov.au · source date 2022 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Australia (federal) · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Australia’s compulsory voting (1924 to present)
89. AEC 2025 Tally Room, Informal by state
    results.aec.gov.au · source date 2025 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Australia (federal) · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Australia’s compulsory voting (1924 to present)
90. AEC 2025 Tally Room, Turnout by state
    results.aec.gov.au · source date 2025 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Australia (federal) · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Australia’s compulsory voting (1924 to present)

My Vote Forward sources A to A, part 10

My Vote Forward sources 91 to 100:

91. AEC Electoral Backgrounder: Compulsory voting
    aec.gov.au · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Australia (federal) · 3 ledger claims
    Cited on: Australia’s compulsory voting (1924 to present)
92. AEC Enrolment statistics 2026
    aec.gov.au · source date 2026-09-30 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Australia (federal) · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Australia’s compulsory voting (1924 to present)
93. AEC Indigenous enrolment rate
    aec.gov.au · source date 2026-06-30 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Australia (federal) · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Australia’s compulsory voting (1924 to present)
94. AEC, Voter turnout: previous events
    aec.gov.au · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Australia (federal) · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Australia’s compulsory voting (1924 to present)
95. AERA, House and Senate Education Committees Take Divergent Approaches
    aera.net · source date 2026-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Education: who decides
96. AJPS author summary
    ajps.org · source date 2019-05-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (municipal) · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Switzerland’s direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
97. Al Jazeera
    aljazeera.com · source date 2023-12-18 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Chile · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Chile’s constitutional processes (2020 to 2023)
98. Al Jazeera, Hungary: Overwhelming anti-migration vote declared void
    aljazeera.com · source date 2016-10-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Hungary · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Referendum failures: when asking everyone produces an answer nobody can use
99. Alaska Beacon / Alaska Public Media
    alaskapublic.org · source date 2026-07-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Alaska, United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Alaska’s top-four primary and ranked-choice general election (2020 to present)
100. Alaska Public Media
     alaskapublic.org · source date 2024-11-20 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Alaska, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Alaska’s top-four primary and ranked-choice general election (2020 to present)

My Vote Forward sources A to A, part 11

My Vote Forward sources 101 to 110:

101. Alaska Public Media, Alaska’s ranked choice repeal measure fails by 664 votes
     alaskapublic.org · source date 2024-11-20 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Alaska · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Primary elections and the few who decide
102. Alemán and Navia, Journal of Democracy 34(2)
     journalofdemocracy.org · source date 2023-04 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Chile · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Chile’s constitutional processes (2020 to 2023)
103. Allcott, Braghieri, Eichmeyer, Gentzkow, The Welfare Effects of Social Media, AER 110(3)
     aeaweb.org · source date 2020-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Polarization: when disagreement turns into distrust of the other side, Won’t a participation platform make polarization worse?
104. Allen v. Milligan
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2023-06-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The Voting Rights Act and after: vote dilution, registration law, and the fight over Section 2
105. Alvarez, Hall, Llewellyn, J Politics 70(3)
     doi.org · source date 2008 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Week 12: Identity, privacy, trust, and the capstone design review
106. Alwin and Krosnick, The Measurement of Values in Surveys, POQ 49(4)
     doi.org · source date 1985 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ranked preferences: statistical models for lists of what matters most
107. American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Our Common Purpose
     amacad.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The representation gap
108. Americans’ Support for Immigration Down, Still Strong (Gallup)
     news.gallup.com · source date 2026-07-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 5 ledger claims
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure
109. Americans’ Views of Deportations and Immigration Enforcement (Pew)
     pewresearch.org · source date 2025-03-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure
110. Analise Social article abstract
     doi.org · source date 2021 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Week 8: Deliberation, sortition, and mini-publics

My Vote Forward sources A to A, part 12

My Vote Forward sources 111 to 120:

111. Annenberg Public Policy Center, Civics Knowledge Survey
     annenbergpublicpolicycenter.org · source date 2026 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Civic education: what schools teach about self-government, and what it changes
112. Ansolabehere and Hersh, Validation, Political Analysis 20(4)
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     Cited on: Opinion and choice
113. Ansolabehere and Hersh, Validation, Political Analysis 20(4)
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     Cited on: Measuring trust: what survey trust items capture, how reliable they are, and how to tell trust from partisanship
114. Ansolabehere, Rodden, Snyder, The Strength of Issues, APSR 102(2)
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     Cited on: Opinion and choice, Single-issue mobilization: when the most intense voters outweigh the largest number
115. AP via CFJC Today
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     Cited on: Alaska’s top-four primary and ranked-choice general election (2020 to present)
116. Aranha et al., The return of software vulnerabilities in the Brazilian voting machine, Computers and Security
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     Cited on: Brazil’s electronic voting: paperless machines, public tests, and the fight over a paper trail
117. Aranha, Karam, Miranda, Scarel, Software vulnerabilities in the Brazilian voting machine, EVT/WOTE 2012 slides
     usenix.org · source date 2012 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Brazil · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Brazil’s electronic voting: paperless machines, public tests, and the fight over a paper trail
118. Arctic Today
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     Cited on: Alaska’s top-four primary and ranked-choice general election (2020 to present)
119. Arhip-Paterson, Participations 26-27 (abstract via OpenAlex)
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     Cited on: Paris participatory budget: a decade of resident-chosen investment and its open questions
120. Aristotle, Politics , translated by Benjamin Jowett, Book III parts I and XI, Book IV part IX, Book VI part II. The Internet Classics Archive, MIT. classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/politics.html (book pages
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     Cited on: Athenian democracy: lot, assembly, and the limits of the first citizen government

My Vote Forward sources A to A, part 13

My Vote Forward sources 121 to 130:

121. Aristotle, Politics, tr. Jowett, III.XI
     classics.mit.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Athens (ancient) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Athenian democracy: lot, assembly, and the limits of the first citizen government
122. Aristotle, Politics, tr. Jowett, IV.IX and VI.II
     classics.mit.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Athens (ancient) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Athenian democracy: lot, assembly, and the limits of the first citizen government
123. Aristotle, Politics, translated by William Ellis, Project Gutenberg edition, Book IV, chapter IX
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     Cited on: Sortition: selecting public decision-makers by lot
124. Arizona Free Enterprise Club’s Freedom Club PAC v. Bennett, No. 10-238
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     Cited on: Money in politics
125. Arizona Revised Statutes 15-701.01
     azleg.gov · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Arizona · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Civic education: what schools teach about self-government, and what it changes
126. Arizona Revised Statutes 16-204
     azleg.gov · source date current as accessed · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Arizona · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Low turnout in local elections: when a small and unrepresentative electorate decides
127. Arizona State Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission, No. 13-1314
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     Cited on: Gerrymandering
128. Arizona v. United States, 567 U.S. 387 (LII)
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     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
129. Arkansas State Conference NAACP v. Arkansas Board of Apportionment, No. 22-1395
     ecf.ca8.uscourts.gov · source date 2023-11-20 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (8th Cir.) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The Voting Rights Act and after: vote dilution, registration law, and the fight over Section 2
130. Arnstein, A Ladder of Citizen Participation, JAIP 35(4) (reproduction)
     maindee.org · source date 1969-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, General (not jurisdiction-specific) · 5 ledger claims
     Cited on: Participation between elections: referendums, consultation, and participatory budgeting, Participation: taking part in a civic process, Why not just call your representative?, Is My Vote Forward a form of direct democracy?

My Vote Forward sources A to A, part 14

My Vote Forward sources 131 to 140:

131. Arnstein, JAIP 35(4)
     doi.org · source date 1969 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Week 10: Participatory budgeting and the ladder of participation
132. Arrow, Social Choice and Individual Values, Yale UP
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     Cited on: Week 5: Adding up preferences: social choice and its limits
133. ASCE 2025 Report Card
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     Cited on: Infrastructure and Transport: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Infrastructure and Transport: what the evidence shows, Short-term thinking: why democracies underweight the future
134. ASFPM, FEMA Rolls Back BCA Rates for Mitigation Projects
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     Cited on: Short-term thinking: why democracies underweight the future
135. Associated Press, “ND governor signs bill doing away with Fargo’s unusual voting system,” April 17, 2025, as published by the Marshall Independent
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     Cited on: Approval voting: vote for every option you find acceptable
136. Atlanta News First, Fulton County used improper procedures in 2020 vote recount
     atlantanewsfirst.com · source date 2024-05-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Georgia, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Georgia’s 2020 hand count audit: a full manual tally of about five million ballots
137. Attorney General James Issues Report Detailing Millions of Fake Comments
     ag.ny.gov · source date 2021-05-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (FCC); New York AG investigation, United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Agenda capture, Won’t bots and fake accounts flood a participation platform?
138. Australian Electoral Commission, Enrolment statistics
     aec.gov.au · source date 2026-10-19 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Australia · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ballot access: the practical steps between being eligible and casting a vote that counts
139. Australian Electoral Commission, Voting history
     aec.gov.au · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Australia, Australia (history), Australia (federal) · 14 ledger claims
     Cited on: Hard questions about My Vote Forward, The secret ballot: how private voting became a public safeguard, Access and exclusion: who was kept from voting, and how, Start here, Opinions, Private voting, Can someone be punished for an opinion they share?, Ballot: the official instrument of a vote, Ballot item: a proposal or contest that has qualified for the ballot, Secrecy: no one can link a voter to a ballot, Coercion: pressure to vote or speak a certain way, Australia’s compulsory voting (1924 to present), Why separate an opinion from a vote?, Week 4: The secret ballot and the history of who may vote, Seminar guide
140. Ayuntamiento de Madrid, Carteles: Observatorio de la Ciudad (via Internet Archive)
     diario.madrid.es · source date 2019 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Madrid, Spain · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Decide Madrid: citizen proposals, a city vote and a short-lived sortition body

My Vote Forward sources A to B, part 15

My Vote Forward sources 141 to 150:

141. Ayuntamiento de Madrid, El Ayuntamiento invitará a 30.000 hogares (via Internet Archive)
     diario.madrid.es · source date 2019-02-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Madrid, Spain · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Decide Madrid: citizen proposals, a city vote and a short-lived sortition body
142. Ayuntamiento de Madrid, La ciudadanía toma la palabra en el arranque del Observatorio (via Internet Archive)
     diario.madrid.es · source date 2019-03-30 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Madrid, Spain · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Decide Madrid: citizen proposals, a city vote and a short-lived sortition body
143. Ayuntamiento de Madrid, Las propuestas ciudadanas de Decide Madrid (via Internet Archive)
     diario.madrid.es · source date 2019-02-11 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Madrid, Spain · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Decide Madrid: citizen proposals, a city vote and a short-lived sortition body, Cases: what real participation systems achieved, and where they failed
144. Ayuntamiento de Madrid, Más de 212.000 personas participan en la primera votación ciudadana (via Internet Archive)
     diario.madrid.es · source date 2017-02-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Madrid, Spain · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Decide Madrid: citizen proposals, a city vote and a short-lived sortition body
145. Baber v. Dunlap, No. 1:18-cv-00465-LEW (D. Me.)
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     Cited on: Maine’s ranked-choice voting (2016 to present)
146. Bachrach and Baratz, APSR 56(4)
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     Cited on: Week 7: Agenda power: who decides what the public is asked about
147. Baiocchi, Politics and Society 29(1)
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     Cited on: Week 10: Participatory budgeting and the ladder of participation
148. Baker v. Carr, 369 U.S. 186
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     Cited on: The census and apportionment: counting people to divide power
149. Ballotpedia News
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     Cited on: California’s statewide initiative process
150. Ballotpedia News, Five states reject ranked-choice voting measures; Alaska retains system after recount
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     Cited on: Primary elections and the few who decide

My Vote Forward sources B to B, part 16

My Vote Forward sources 151 to 160:

151. Barabas, How Deliberation Affects Policy Opinions, APSR 98(4)
     doi.org · source date 2004 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Deliberation effects: what discussion changes, how it is measured, and what can go wrong in the measurement
152. Bashir, Research and Politics 2(4)
     doi.org · source date 2015 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Week 3: Who participates, and whose preferences count
153. Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany (English translation)
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     Cited on: Who decides government and rights, Who decides defense and foreign affairs
154. BC Citizens’ Assembly, Making Every Vote Count, Final Report
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     Cited on: British Columbia’s Citizens’ Assembly on Electoral Reform (2003 to 2009)
155. Beard, National Geographic
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     Cited on: Switzerland’s direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
156. Benjamin et al., Redefine statistical significance, Nature Human Behaviour 2
     nature.com · source date 2018 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Replication and preregistration: how social science checks itself, and how a civic platform can too
157. Berinsky, Burns and Traugott, Who Votes by Mail?, Public Opinion Quarterly 65(2)
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     Cited on: Oregon vote by mail: the first all-mail state and what it measured, Cases: what real participation systems achieved, and where they failed
158. Bernhard et al., Can Voters Detect Malicious Manipulation of Ballot Marking Devices?, IEEE S&P 2020
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     Cited on: Georgia’s 2020 hand count audit: a full manual tally of about five million ballots
159. BFS, Stimmbeteiligung
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     Cited on: Switzerland’s direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
160. Binder, Polarized We Govern?, Brookings
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     Cited on: Gridlock and legislative deadlock

My Vote Forward sources B to B, part 17

My Vote Forward sources 161 to 170:

161. BJS, Census of State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies, 2018 (NCJ 302187)
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     Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
162. BJS, Crime Known to Law Enforcement, 2025 (NCJ 312174)
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     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows
163. BJS, Criminal Victimization, 2024 (NCJ 310547)
     bjs.ojp.gov · source date 2025-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 6 ledger claims
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows
164. BJS, Jail Inmates in 2023: Statistical Tables (NCJ 309965)
     bjs.ojp.gov · source date 2025-04-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Safety and Justice: who decides
165. BJS, Prisoners in 2023: Statistical Tables (NCJ 310197)
     bjs.ojp.gov · source date 2025-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 6 ledger claims
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Safety and Justice: who decides, Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows
166. BJS, Prosecutors in State Courts, 2007 (NCJ 234211)
     bjs.ojp.gov · source date 2011-12-28 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
167. BJS, Recidivism of Prisoners Released in 24 States in 2008 (NCJ 256094)
     bjs.ojp.gov · source date 2021-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (24 states) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows
168. BJS, Victimization Estimates from the Redesigned NCVS Instrument, 2024 (NCJ 312200)
     bjs.ojp.gov · source date 2026-10-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows
169. Blair and Imai, Statistical Analysis of List Experiments, Political Analysis 20(1)
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     Cited on: Opinion and choice
170. BLS CPS table 49, Certification and licensing status, 2025 annual averages
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     Cited on: Economy and Work: who decides, Economy and Work: evidence

My Vote Forward sources B to B, part 18

My Vote Forward sources 171 to 180:

171. BLS, Consumer Price Index, September 2026
     bls.gov · source date 2026-10-14 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Economy and Work, Economy and Work: evidence
172. BLS, Real Earnings, September 2026
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     Cited on: Economy and Work, Economy and Work: evidence
173. BLS, The Employment Situation, September 2026
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     Cited on: Economy and Work, Economy and Work: evidence
174. BLS, Union Members 2025 (USDL-26-0229)
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     Cited on: Economy and Work, Economy and Work: evidence
175. Bojic, Marra and Naydenova, Online tools for public engagement: case studies from Reykjavik (arXiv preprint)
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     Cited on: Better Reykjavik and My Neighborhood: a city’s standing channel for resident ideas
176. Bolstad, Thermostatic Voting, PS 45(1)
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     Cited on: Broken feedback between elections: what officials hear when nobody is voting
177. Boxell, Gentzkow, Shapiro, Cross-Country Trends in Affective Polarization, NBER WP 26669
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     Cited on: Polarization: when disagreement turns into distrust of the other side, Won’t a participation platform make polarization worse?
178. Bradley et al., Unrepresentative big surveys significantly overestimated US vaccine uptake, Nature 600
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     Cited on: Opt-in panels: the mathematics of self-selection and the limits of adjustment
179. Brady, Verba, Schlozman, APSR 89(2)
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     Cited on: Week 3: Who participates, and whose preferences count
180. Branham, Soroka, Wlezien, When Do the Rich Win?
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     Cited on: The representation gap

My Vote Forward sources B to B, part 19

My Vote Forward sources 181 to 190:

181. Brennan Center, Local Election Officials Survey 2025
     brennancenter.org · source date 2025 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (local election officials) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Trust in elections: why confidence and accuracy are different problems
182. Brennan Center, Local Election Officials Survey Spring 2024 deck (reweighted)
     brennancenter.org · source date 2024 (deck updated 2025-07-08) · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Voter intimidation: pressure on voters and on the people who run elections, Election administration funding: paying for the machinery of voting
183. Brennan Center, Poll of Election Officials Finds Concerns About Safety, Political Interference
     brennancenter.org · source date 2024-05-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Voter intimidation: pressure on voters and on the people who run elections
184. Breznau et al., PNAS 119(44)
     doi.org · source date 2022 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Replication and preregistration: how social science checks itself, and how a civic platform can too
185. Brnovich v. DNC
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2021-07-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The Voting Rights Act and after: vote dilution, registration law, and the fight over Section 2
186. Broadening Donor Participation in Local Elections: Results from the Seattle Democracy Voucher Program in 2021
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     Cited on: Money in politics
187. Broder, On the resemblance and containment of documents
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     Cited on: Detecting coordinated campaigns: text similarity, timing, networks, and the base-rate problem
188. Broockman and Skovron, Bias in Perceptions of Public Opinion among Political Elites, APSR 112(3)
     doi.org · source date 2018 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states), United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Why not just call your representative?, Does My Vote Forward replace elected officials?, Week 1: Democracy between elections, and what officials actually hear
189. Brooks, Kohlhaas v. State, Alaska Law Review
     alr.law.duke.edu · source date 2023-04 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Alaska, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Alaska’s top-four primary and ranked-choice general election (2020 to present)
190. Brown Political Review
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     Cited on: Gridlock and legislative deadlock

My Vote Forward sources B to B, part 20

My Vote Forward sources 191 to 200:

191. Buckley v. American Constitutional Law Foundation, 525 U.S. 182
     law.cornell.edu · source date 1999-01-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, Colorado · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The initiative and referendum movement: how American states let voters write law
192. Buckley v. Valeo, 424 U.S. 1
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     Cited on: Money in politics
193. Burdick v. Takushi, 504 U.S. 428
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     Cited on: The Australian ballot in America: how a state-printed ballot reshaped parties, candidacy, and design
194. Bürgerdialog, Ablauf
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     Cited on: Ostbelgien’s permanent citizens’ dialogue (2019 to present)
195. Bürgerdialog, Auswertung
     buergerdialog.be · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: German-speaking Community of Belgium · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ostbelgien’s permanent citizens’ dialogue (2019 to present)
196. Bürgerdialog, Entstehungsgeschichte
     buergerdialog.be · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: German-speaking Community of Belgium · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ostbelgien’s permanent citizens’ dialogue (2019 to present)
197. Bürgerdialog, Gremien und Beteiligte
     buergerdialog.be · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: German-speaking Community of Belgium · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Ostbelgien’s permanent citizens’ dialogue (2019 to present), Does My Vote Forward replace elected officials?
198. Bürgerdialog, Stand der Dinge
     buergerdialog.be · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: German-speaking Community of Belgium · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ostbelgien’s permanent citizens’ dialogue (2019 to present)
199. Burke, Speech to the Electors of Bristol (The Founders’ Constitution)
     press-pubs.uchicago.edu · source date 1774-11-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Great Britain (historical), Great Britain (historical document), Great Britain · 6 ledger claims
     Cited on: Representation, Can an institution lawfully ignore a public result?, What happens when someone changes their position?, Why not just call your representative?, Does My Vote Forward replace elected officials?, Week 1: Democracy between elections, and what officials actually hear, Week 2: What it means to represent someone
200. Burson v. Freeman, 504 U.S. 191
     law.cornell.edu · source date 1992-05-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, Tennessee · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Voter intimidation: pressure on voters and on the people who run elections

My Vote Forward sources B to C, part 21

My Vote Forward sources 201 to 210:

201. Bush v. Gore, 531 U.S. 98
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2000-12-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, Florida · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Election technology: from lever machines to paper trails and voting system standards
202. Butler and Nickerson, QJPS 6(1)
     doi.org · source date 2011 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New Mexico, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Week 1: Democracy between elections, and what officials actually hear
203. C. L. Mallows, “Non-Null Ranking Models. I,” Biometrika 44(1-2), 1957, pp. 114 to 130. DOI 10.1093/biomet/44.1-2.114, record via OpenAlex. doi.org/10.1093/biomet/44.1-2.114 (accessed 2026-10-26).
     doi.org
     Cited on: Ranked preferences: statistical models for lists of what matters most
204. Cabinet Office, “Why the government believes that voting to remain in the EU is the best decision for the UK,” April 6, 2016 (archived). gov.uk/…
     gov.uk
     Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum
205. Calabrese, Williams, Gupta, Administration and Society 52(9) (abstract via OpenAlex)
     doi.org · source date 2020 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New York City · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: New York City participatory budgeting: council districts, The People’s Money and what the evidence shows
206. California Democratic Party v. Jones, 530 U.S. 567, syllabus
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     Cited on: Primary elections and the few who decide
207. California Elections Code section 14051 (Public.Law)
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     Cited on: Low turnout in local elections: when a small and unrepresentative electorate decides
208. California Elections Code section 14052 (Public.Law)
     california.public.law · source date updated 2016-01-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: California · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Low turnout in local elections: when a small and unrepresentative electorate decides
209. California LAO, A Historical Review of Proposition 98
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     Cited on: Participation over time, Tradeoffs, Referendum failures: when asking everyone produces an answer nobody can use
210. California Secretary of State, Approval Percentages of Initiatives Voted into Law
     elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov · source date 2025-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: California, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: California’s statewide initiative process

My Vote Forward sources C to C, part 22

My Vote Forward sources 211 to 220:

211. California Secretary of State, History of California Initiatives
     sos.ca.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: California, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: California’s statewide initiative process
212. California Secretary of State, How to Qualify an Initiative
     sos.ca.gov · source date 2026 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: California, California, United States · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Proposals, Participation over time, California’s statewide initiative process, How is My Vote Forward different from petitions?
213. California Secretary of State, Initiatives: Summary of Data
     elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov · source date 2025-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: California, United States, California · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: California’s statewide initiative process, Is My Vote Forward a form of direct democracy?, How is My Vote Forward different from petitions?
214. California Secretary of State, Statewide Initiative Guide (county-hosted copy)
     lassencounty.gov · source date 2026-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: California · 5 ledger claims
     Cited on: Proposals, Participation over time, Tradeoffs
215. California SOS, Top-to-Bottom Review
     sos.ca.gov · source date 2007 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: California · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Election technology: from lever machines to paper trails and voting system standards
216. California Statement of Vote, November 3, 2020
     elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov · source date 2020-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: California, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: California’s statewide initiative process
217. Camara dos Deputados, PEC 135/2019 record and votes
     dadosabertos.camara.leg.br · source date 2021-08-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Brazil · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Brazil’s electronic voting: paperless machines, public tests, and the fight over a paper trail
218. Camerer et al., Nature Human Behaviour 2
     nature.com · source date 2018 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Replication and preregistration: how social science checks itself, and how a civic platform can too
219. Campaign Contributions Facilitate Access to Congressional Officials: A Randomized Field Experiment
     stonecenter.gc.cuny.edu · source date 2016-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (Congress) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Money in politics, Agenda capture
220. Canton of Fribourg Statistical Service, Abstimmungen
     fr.ch · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (federal) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Switzerland’s direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde

My Vote Forward sources C to C, part 23

My Vote Forward sources 221 to 230:

221. Cantoni and Pons, Strict ID Laws Don’t Stop Voters, NBER w25522 / QJE 2021
     nber.org · source date 2021-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ballot access: the practical steps between being eligible and casting a vote that counts
222. Capitol Beat, Mail-in ballot signature audit for Cobb County finds no fraud: GBI
     capitol-beat.org · source date 2020-12-30 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Georgia, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Georgia’s 2020 hand count audit: a full manual tally of about five million ballots
223. Caravale, The Smith Commission and the 2016 Scotland Act, Nomos 3-2023
     nomos-leattualitaneldiritto.it · source date 2023-11-28 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Scotland, United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2014 Scottish independence referendum
224. Card and Krueger, NBER WP 4509
     nber.org · source date 1993-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New Jersey and Pennsylvania · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Economy and Work: evidence
225. Carpenter v. United States (LII)
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2018-06-22 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Can the government use My Vote Forward data?
226. Carter Center, Brazil Election Expert Mission 2022 Final Report
     cartercentee50c07c05.blob.core.windows.net · source date 2024 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Brazil · 14 ledger claims
     Cited on: Brazil’s electronic voting: paperless machines, public tests, and the fight over a paper trail
227. Carter Center, Carter Center Commends Brazil for Successful General Election
     cartercenter.org · source date 2026-10-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Brazil · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Brazil’s electronic voting: paperless machines, public tests, and the fight over a paper trail
228. Carter Center, Kenya 2017 General and Presidential Elections Final Report
     cartercenter.org · source date 2018 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Kenya · 20 ledger claims
     Cited on: Kenya’s 2017 presidential election annulment: when results transmission fails the verifiability test
229. Carter Center, Observation of Georgia’s Risk-Limiting Audit/Hand Count: Final Report
     cartercenter.org · source date 2021-03-31 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Georgia, United States · 14 ledger claims
     Cited on: Georgia’s 2020 hand count audit: a full manual tally of about five million ballots
230. Cass R. Sunstein, “The Law of Group Polarization,” Journal of Political Philosophy 10(2), 2002, 175 to 195. doi.org/10.1111/1467-9760.00148
     doi.org
     Cited on: Week 8: Deliberation, sortition, and mini-publics

My Vote Forward sources C to C, part 24

My Vote Forward sources 231 to 240:

231. Castellanos v. State of California, S279622
     www4.courts.ca.gov · source date 2024-07-25 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: California, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: California’s statewide initiative process
232. CDC NCHS, FastStats: Assault or Homicide
     cdc.gov · source date 2024 data · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows
233. CDC NCHS, FastStats: Suicide
     cdc.gov · source date 2024 data · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows
234. CDC, Firearm Injury and Death: Fast Facts
     cdc.gov · source date 2022 data · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure
235. Cengiz, Dube, Lindner and Zipperer, NBER WP 25434
     nber.org · source date 2019-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Economy and Work, Economy and Work: evidence
236. Census Bureau CB23-TPS.21
     census.gov · source date 2023-02-16 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The representation gap
237. Census Bureau press release
     census.gov · source date 2022-03-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The census and apportionment: counting people to divide power
238. Census Bureau, 2020 Census Apportionment Results
     census.gov · source date 2021-04-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: The representation gap, Problems
239. CEQ release (archived)
     bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov · source date 2025-01-13 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
240. CEQ, EIS Timelines (2010-2018)
     nepa.gov · source date 2020-06-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Environment and energy: what the evidence shows

My Vote Forward sources C to C, part 25

My Vote Forward sources 241 to 250:

241. CESE, Discours de Marianne et Jean-Michel, Remise du rapport de la Convention Citoyenne sur la fin de vie
     lecese.fr · source date 2023-04-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: France · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: France’s Citizens’ Convention for Climate (2019 to 2021)
242. Chalfin et al., Police Force Size and Civilian Race, AER: Insights
     aeaweb.org · source date 2022 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows
243. Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting (LII)
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2011-05-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
244. Channel 4 News FactCheck
     channel4.com · source date 2015-09-21 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Scotland, United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2014 Scottish independence referendum
245. Chen, Haggag, Pope, Rohla, Racial Disparities in Voting Wait Times, NBER w26487
     nber.org · source date 2019-11 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ballot access: the practical steps between being eligible and casting a vote that counts
246. Christian Science Monitor (AP)
     csmonitor.com · source date 2020-09-22 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Maine, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Maine’s ranked-choice voting (2016 to present)
247. Christopher Wlezien, “On the Salience of Political Issues,” Nuffield College Politics Working Paper 2003-W10, University of Oxford
     nuff.ox.ac.uk · source date 2003 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: General (not jurisdiction-specific), United States · 6 ledger claims
     Cited on: Priority: a judgment of what deserves attention first, Agenda-setting: shaping which issues get attention, Salience: how prominent an issue is in attention, Priority versus salience: why “the most important problem” is not the same as what matters most
248. Chuang Sheng-rong, The time to amend the Referendum Act is now, Taipei Times
     taipeitimes.com · source date 2021-12-25 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Taiwan · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Taiwan’s referendums, 2018 to 2021: lower thresholds, crowded ballots, and a calendar fight
249. CIRCLE, 2024 Election hub
     circle.tufts.edu · source date 2025-04 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Youth participation: why the youngest eligible voters vote least, and what changes it
250. CISA resource page, Risk Management for Electronic Ballot Delivery, Marking, and Return
     cisa.gov · source date 2020-05-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, United States (federal guidance) · 5 ledger claims
     Cited on: Security: three layers that must not be confused, Washington, D.C. 2010 internet voting test: a public trial that was breached, Can someone in a household coerce a remote voter?, What happens when the network or the system fails?, Is My Vote Forward an official voting service?, West Virginia’s mobile voting pilot: Voatz in 2018 and the security reviews that followed, Jurisdictions: many laws, layered districts, no universal approval, Audits and verification: evidence without exposing the vote, Hardware: what devices can and cannot prove, Identity, authentication, eligibility, and registration, Intimidation, coercion, and vote buying, Privacy: five kinds of data, five sets of rules

My Vote Forward sources C to C, part 26

My Vote Forward sources 251 to 260:

251. CISA, EAC, FBI, NIST, Risk Management for Electronic Ballot Delivery, Marking, and Return (archived copy of CISA PDF)
     web.archive.org · source date 2020-05-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 7 ledger claims
     Cited on: Privacy: five kinds of data, five sets of rules, Intimidation, coercion, and vote buying, Security: three layers that must not be confused, Identity, authentication, eligibility, and registration, Hardware: what devices can and cannot prove, Audits and verification: evidence without exposing the vote, Jurisdictions: many laws, layered districts, no universal approval
252. CISA, Joint statement of the Election Infrastructure GCC and SCC executive committees
     cisa.gov · source date 2020-11-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (2020 general election) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Trust in elections: why confidence and accuracy are different problems
253. Citizens Foundation, Citizens Foundation’s main projects
     citizens.is · source date 2014-04-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Reykjavik, Iceland · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Better Reykjavik and My Neighborhood: a city’s standing channel for resident ideas
254. Citizens United v. FEC, No. 08-205
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2010-01-21 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Money in politics
255. Citizens’ Assembly on Electoral Reform (British Columbia), “What was the Citizens’ Assembly?”
     citizensassembly.arts.ubc.ca · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: British Columbia, Canada · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Citizens’ assembly: a randomly selected body that deliberates and recommends, Sortition: selecting public decision-makers by lot, Referendum: a question put directly to voters
256. Citizens’ Assembly: Previous Assemblies
     citizensassembly.ie · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 5 ledger claims
     Cited on: Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short, Referendum failures: when asking everyone produces an answer nobody can use, Ireland’s citizens’ assemblies: randomly selected citizens before national votes, Cases: what real participation systems achieved, and where they failed, Citizens’ assembly: a randomly selected body that deliberates and recommends
257. Citizens’ Assembly: Selection of members
     citizensassembly.ie · source date 2016 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short
258. City of Grants Pass v. Johnson, No. 23-175
     supremecourt.gov · source date 2024-06-28 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Housing and Communities: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Housing and Communities: who decides, Housing and Communities: what the evidence shows
259. City of Portland, Transition Overview
     portland.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Portland, Oregon · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The representation gap
260. City of Reykjavik Internal Audit and Advisory, Eftirlit með rafrænum kosningum: Hverfið mitt 2022-2023
     fundur.reykjavik.is · source date 2023-11-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Reykjavik, Iceland · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Better Reykjavik and My Neighborhood: a city’s standing channel for resident ideas, Cases: what real participation systems achieved, and where they failed

My Vote Forward sources C to C, part 27

My Vote Forward sources 261 to 270:

261. City of Reykjavik, Hverfið mitt program page
     reykjavik.is · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Reykjavik, Iceland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Better Reykjavik and My Neighborhood: a city’s standing channel for resident ideas
262. City of Reykjavik: My Neighborhood 2018
     reykjavik.is · source date 2018 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Reykjavik, Iceland · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short, Better Reykjavik and My Neighborhood: a city’s standing channel for resident ideas, Cases: what real participation systems achieved, and where they failed
263. City of Reykjavik: Participatory democracy
     reykjavik.is · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Reykjavik, Iceland · 12 ledger claims
     Cited on: Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short, Participation between elections: referendums, consultation, and participatory budgeting, Priorities, Participation over time, Tradeoffs, Governance: who decides, and how they answer for it, Jurisdictions: many laws, layered districts, no universal approval, Better Reykjavik and My Neighborhood: a city’s standing channel for resident ideas, Who chooses the ten subjects, and why should anyone accept that list?, Can wealthy or organized groups dominate a priority-setting system?, Can an institution lawfully ignore a public result?, Broken feedback between elections: what officials hear when nobody is voting
264. City of Vienna, Social Housing in Vienna
     socialhousing.wien · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Vienna, Austria · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Housing and Communities: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Housing and Communities: who decides, Housing and Communities: what the evidence shows
265. Clayton et al., Elite rhetoric can undermine democratic norms, PNAS 118(23)
     ebi.ac.uk · source date 2021-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Trust in elections: why confidence and accuracy are different problems
266. CMS, EMTALA
     cms.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Health and Care: who decides
267. CMS, National Health Expenditure Data: Historical
     cms.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Health and Care: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Health and Care: what the evidence shows
268. CMS, NHE Fact Sheet
     cms.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Health and Care: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Health and Care: who decides, Health and Care: what the evidence shows
269. Colorado Election Rules 8 CCR 1505-1, Rule 25 Post-election audit
     coloradosos.gov · source date 2026-03-02 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Colorado, United States · 8 ledger claims
     Cited on: Colorado’s risk-limiting audits: statistical evidence from paper ballots
270. Colorado Secretary of State, Audit Center
     sos.state.co.us · source date 2026 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Colorado, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Colorado’s risk-limiting audits: statistical evidence from paper ballots

My Vote Forward sources C to C, part 28

My Vote Forward sources 271 to 280:

271. Colorado Secretary of State, Risk-limiting audit FAQs
     sos.state.co.us · source date undated (current) · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Colorado, United States, Colorado · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Colorado’s risk-limiting audits: statistical evidence from paper ballots, Why should anyone trust the operator of this framework?, Why should anyone trust a published release?
272. Colorado SOS statement, November 20, 2020
     coloradosos.gov · source date 2020-11-20 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Colorado, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Colorado’s risk-limiting audits: statistical evidence from paper ballots
273. Colorado SOS, Certifies the State’s 2020 General Election
     coloradosos.gov · source date 2020-12-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Colorado, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Colorado’s risk-limiting audits: statistical evidence from paper ballots
274. Colorado SOS, Risk-Limiting Audit Final Report, EAC grant EAC110150E
     eac.gov · source date circa 2014 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Colorado, United States · 5 ledger claims
     Cited on: Colorado’s risk-limiting audits: statistical evidence from paper ballots
275. Commission on Federal Election Reform, “Building Confidence in U.S. Elections,” September 2005, copy hosted by the U.S. Election Assistance Commission. eac.gov/… M.PDF
     eac.gov
     Cited on: Trust in elections: why confidence and accuracy are different problems
276. Commission on Federal Election Reform, Building Confidence in U.S. Elections
     eac.gov · source date 2005-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Oregon vote by mail: the first all-mail state and what it measured
277. Commission on Federal Election Reform, Building Confidence in U.S. Elections
     eac.gov · source date 2005-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Trust in elections: why confidence and accuracy are different problems
278. Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget, Debt Fixer
     crfb.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Public budget blindness: deciding priorities without seeing what things cost
279. Community-based fact-checking reduces the spread of misleading posts on social media
     arxiv.org · source date 2024-09-13 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: X/Twitter · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Misinformation
280. Comparative Agendas Project
     comparativeagendas.net · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: International · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Agenda capture

My Vote Forward sources C to C, part 29

My Vote Forward sources 281 to 290:

281. Comparative Agendas Project, Master Codebook
     comparativeagendas.net · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: International (research) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Subjects: ten provisional areas of public life
282. Comparing crime rates between undocumented immigrants, legal immigrants, and native-born US citizens in Texas (PNAS)
     pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov · source date 2020-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (Texas) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the evidence shows
283. Comprehensive Ranking System criteria (IRCC)
     canada.ca · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Canada · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure
284. Computational Democracy Project, Case studies index
     compdemocracy.org · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: International · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: vTaiwan: how a civic tech community built an open consultation process for national rules
285. Computational Democracy Project, vTaiwan case study
     compdemocracy.org · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Taiwan (national) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: vTaiwan: how a civic tech community built an open consultation process for national rules
286. Congressional Research Service, “The National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS): Benefits and Issues,” R46668, first published February 1, 2021, updated July 7, 2025, text read via the EveryCRSR
     congress.gov
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows, Safety and Justice: who decides
287. Conseil constitutionnel, Décision n° 2021-825 DC
     conseil-constitutionnel.fr · source date 2021-08-13 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: France · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: France’s Citizens’ Convention for Climate (2019 to 2021)
288. Constituicao Federal de 1988, art. 60 par. 2
     planalto.gov.br · source date 1988 (current text) · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Brazil · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Brazil’s electronic voting: paperless machines, public tests, and the fight over a paper trail
289. Constitute Project, Chile’s Constitution of 1980 with Amendments through 2021
     constituteproject.org · source date 2021 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Chile · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Chile’s constitutional processes (2020 to 2023)
290. Constitution of Kenya 2010 (Constitute Project English text)
     constituteproject.org · source date 2010 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Kenya · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Kenya’s 2017 presidential election annulment: when results transmission fails the verifiability test

My Vote Forward sources C to C, part 30

My Vote Forward sources 291 to 300:

291. Constitutional Council, The Constitutional Council hands over the bill for a new constitution
     stjornlagarad.is · source date 2011-07-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Iceland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Iceland’s crowdsourced constitution: an open drafting process that stalled in parliament
292. ConstitutionNet
     constitutionnet.org · source date 2023-01-13 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Chile · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Chile’s constitutional processes (2020 to 2023)
293. ConstitutionNet
     constitutionnet.org · source date 2023-03-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Chile · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Chile’s constitutional processes (2020 to 2023)
294. ConstitutionNet: Joint Committee on Gender Equality calls for referendum
     constitutionnet.org · source date 2022-07-18 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short, Referendum failures: when asking everyone produces an answer nobody can use
295. ConstitutionNet: voters reject referendums on family and care
     constitutionnet.org · source date 2024-03-11 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short, Referendum failures: when asking everyone produces an answer nobody can use, Ireland’s citizens’ assemblies: randomly selected citizens before national votes
296. Consul Democracy home page
     consuldemocracy.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Madrid, Spain · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Decide Madrid: citizen proposals, a city vote and a short-lived sortition body
297. Convention Citoyenne pour le Climat, English home page
     conventioncitoyennepourleclimat.fr · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: France · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Can an institution lawfully ignore a public result?, Who funds My Vote Forward, and could money shape it?
298. Convention citoyenne pour le climat, How were the citizens selected?
     conventioncitoyennepourleclimat.fr · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: France · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: France’s Citizens’ Convention for Climate (2019 to 2021)
299. Convention citoyenne pour le climat, official site
     conventioncitoyennepourleclimat.fr · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: France · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: France’s Citizens’ Convention for Climate (2019 to 2021)
300. Convention on the Constitution, Third Report (same-sex marriage)
     citizensassembly.ie · source date 2013-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ireland’s citizens’ assemblies: randomly selected citizens before national votes

My Vote Forward sources C to C, part 31

My Vote Forward sources 301 to 310:

301. Corder and Wolbrecht, Counting Women’s Ballots
     api.openalex.org · source date 2016 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Women’s suffrage: how half the adult population won the vote, and what changed after
302. Cour des comptes, Les dispositifs de participation citoyenne à la décision publique
     ccomptes.fr · source date 2026-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: France · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Paris participatory budget: a decade of resident-chosen investment and its open questions
303. Courant, Citizens’ Assemblies for Referendums and Constitutional Reforms: Is There an Irish Model, Frontiers in Political Science 2
     frontiersin.org · source date 2021-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 5 ledger claims
     Cited on: Ireland’s citizens’ assemblies: randomly selected citizens before national votes
304. Cox and Kousser, Turnout and Rural Corruption: New York as a Test Case, AJPS 25(4)
     authors.library.caltech.edu · source date 1981-11 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (New York) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The secret ballot: how private voting became a public safeguard
305. Crawford v. Marion County Election Board (U.S. Supreme Court)
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2008-04-28 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (Indiana) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Trust in elections: why confidence and accuracy are different problems
306. Crawford v. Marion County Election Board, 553 U.S. 181
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2008-04-28 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, Indiana · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ballot access: the practical steps between being eligible and casting a vote that counts
307. Crawford, The U.S. Budgetary Costs of the Post-9/11 Wars, Costs of War Project
     costsofwar.watson.brown.edu · source date 2021-09-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Defense and foreign affairs, the evidence
308. CRS IF12627, Defense Primer: FY2025 Department of Defense Audit Results
     everycrsreport.com · source date 2026-04-28 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Defense and foreign affairs, Defense and foreign affairs, the evidence
309. CRS IF12916, Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases
     everycrsreport.com · source date 2025-02-20 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
310. CRS IN12389, Election Policy Fundamentals: The Secret Ballot
     everycrsreport.com · source date 2024-07-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 10 ledger claims
     Cited on: The secret ballot: how private voting became a public safeguard, Access and exclusion: who was kept from voting, and how, Secrecy: no one can link a voter to a ballot, Why separate an opinion from a vote?

My Vote Forward sources C to C, part 32

My Vote Forward sources 311 to 320:

311. CRS R40213, Foreign Assistance: An Introduction to U.S. Programs and Policy
     everycrsreport.com · source date 2022-01-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Defense and foreign affairs, Defense and foreign affairs, the evidence
312. CRS R42699, The War Powers Resolution: Concepts and Practice
     everycrsreport.com · source date 2019-03-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Who decides defense and foreign affairs
313. CRS R44819
     everycrsreport.com · source date 2017-04-14 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States Senate · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Gridlock and legislative deadlock
314. CRS R46646, Election Administration: Federal Grant Programs for States and Localities
     everycrsreport.com · source date 2026-04-20 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Election administration funding: paying for the machinery of voting
315. CRS R46668, The National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS): Benefits and Issues (EveryCRSReport mirror)
     everycrsreport.com · source date 2025-07-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides, Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows
316. CRS R47470, Membership of the 118th Congress: A Profile
     everycrsreport.com · source date 2024-12-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States Congress · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The representation gap
317. CRS R49023, FY2027 Defense Budget: Funding for Selected Weapon Systems
     everycrsreport.com · source date 2026-09-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Defense and foreign affairs, Who decides defense and foreign affairs, Defense and foreign affairs, the evidence
318. CRS Report 97-543, California’s Proposition 187: A Brief Overview
     everycrsreport.com · source date 1999-09-15 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: California, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: California’s statewide initiative process
319. CRS RS22622, School Finance Litigation
     everycrsreport.com · source date 2009-01-15 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Education: who decides
320. Curry and Lee, Niskanen Center
     niskanencenter.org · source date 2020-11-23 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Gridlock and legislative deadlock

My Vote Forward sources D to D, part 33

My Vote Forward sources 321 to 330:

321. Dalela, Kulyk, Schurmann, Voter Perceptions of Trust in Risk-Limiting Audits, E-Vote-ID 2021
     researcher.itu.dk · source date 2021 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (study participants) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Trust in elections: why confidence and accuracy are different problems
322. Darr, Hitt, Dunaway, J Communication 68(6)
     doi.org · source date 2018 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Week 7: Agenda power: who decides what the public is asked about
323. Darr, Hitt, Dunaway, Newspaper Closures Polarize Voting Behavior
     academic.oup.com · source date 2018-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States counties · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The collapse of local news
324. Davatz, The Landsgemeinde of the Canton of Glarus, Staatskanzlei Glarus
     landsgemeinde.gl.ch · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (Glarus) · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Switzerland’s direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
325. Davis and Hernandez, Voting and Registration in the Election of November 2024, P20-590
     census.gov · source date 2026-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Low turnout in local elections: when a small and unrepresentative electorate decides, Unequal participation: who votes, who does not, and whether it changes what government does
326. Davis and Hernandez, Voting and Registration in the Election of November 2024, P20-590, U.S. Census Bureau
     www2.census.gov · source date 2026-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (citizen voting-age population) · 7 ledger claims
     Cited on: Unequal participation: who votes, who does not, and whether it changes what government does
327. Dee, Are There Civic Returns to Education? NBER w9588
     nber.org · source date 2003-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Civic education: what schools teach about self-government, and what it changes
328. Dekret zur Einführung eines permanenten Bürgerdialogs (consolidated)
     static.buergerdialog.be · source date 2019-02-25 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: German-speaking Community of Belgium · 14 ledger claims
     Cited on: Ostbelgien’s permanent citizens’ dialogue (2019 to present), Does My Vote Forward replace elected officials?, What about non-citizens and people under 18?
329. Dept. of Commerce v. New York
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2019-06-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The census and apportionment: counting people to divide power
330. Dept. of Commerce v. U.S. House, 525 U.S. 316
     law.cornell.edu · source date 1999-01-25 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The census and apportionment: counting people to divide power

My Vote Forward sources D to D, part 34

My Vote Forward sources 331 to 340:

331. DeSilver, The polarization in today’s Congress has roots that go back decades, Pew Research Center
     pewresearch.org · source date 2022-03-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States Congress · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Polarization: when disagreement turns into distrust of the other side
332. DHS v. League of Women Voters, No. 26A308, order on application for stay
     supremecourt.gov · source date 2026-09-25 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
333. Diamond, McQuade, Qian, AER 109(9)
     aeaweb.org · source date 2019-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: San Francisco, California · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Housing and Communities: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Housing and Communities: what the evidence shows
334. Did the Roll-Out of Community Notes Reduce Engagement With Misinformation on X/Twitter?
     arxiv.org · source date 2023-07-16 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: X/Twitter · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Misinformation
335. Dobbie, Goldin and Yang, The Effects of Pretrial Detention, AER
     aeaweb.org · source date 2018 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows
336. DOE press release on grid reliability report
     energy.gov · source date 2025-07-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides, Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
337. DOE release on LBNL data center report
     energy.gov · source date 2024-12-20 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
338. Doe v. Reed, 561 U.S. 186
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2010 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal), United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Can someone be punished for an opinion they share?, Why separate an opinion from a vote?, How is My Vote Forward different from petitions?
339. Doe v. Reed, Sotomayor J., concurring
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2010 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Can someone be punished for an opinion they share?
340. DOJ Civil Rights Division, About Language Minority Voting Rights
     justice.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Language access: voting when English is not your strongest language

My Vote Forward sources D to E, part 35

My Vote Forward sources 341 to 350:

341. DOJ NSD, Foreign Agents Registration Act
     justice.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Foreign interference: outside governments trying to shape another country’s vote
342. DOJ, Help America Vote Act of 2002
     justice.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Election technology: from lever machines to paper trails and voting system standards
343. DOJ, History of Federal Voting Rights Laws
     justice.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Access and exclusion: who was kept from voting, and how, Voter intimidation: pressure on voters and on the people who run elections
344. DOJ, NVRA Q and A
     justice.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: The Voting Rights Act and after: vote dilution, registration law, and the fight over Section 2
345. DOJ, The ADA and Other Federal Laws Protecting the Rights of Voters with Disabilities
     ada.gov · source date 2024-04-18 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: The secret ballot: how private voting became a public safeguard, Access and exclusion: who was kept from voting, and how, Disability access: voting privately and independently with a disability
346. Durkin, Lipsey, Farran and Wiesen, Effects of a Statewide Prekindergarten Program...
     cdn.vanderbilt.edu · source date 2022-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states), Tennessee · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Education: who decides, Education: evidence
347. Dwork and Roth, FnT TCS 9(3-4)
     doi.org · source date 2014 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Week 12: Identity, privacy, trust, and the capstone design review
348. EAC blog, Understanding Voting Accessibility in the 2022 Elections
     eac.gov · source date 2023-07-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Access and exclusion: who was kept from voting, and how, Disability access: voting privately and independently with a disability
349. EAC Voluntary Voting System Guidelines 2.0
     eac.gov · source date 2021-02-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 16 ledger claims
     Cited on: Privacy: five kinds of data, five sets of rules, Security: three layers that must not be confused, Hardware: what devices can and cannot prove, Audits and verification: evidence without exposing the vote, Ballot: the official instrument of a vote, Ballot item: a proposal or contest that has qualified for the ballot, Secrecy: no one can link a voter to a ballot, Coercion: pressure to vote or speak a certain way, Verification: checking that something is what it claims to be, Audit: an independent check of whether a process produced a correct result, End-to-end verifiable voting: cryptographic evidence without revealing votes, Voter-verified paper record: the paper a voter can check before casting, Referendum: a question put directly to voters, Ballot measure: a question that appears on an official ballot
350. EAC, 2024 EAVS Comprehensive Report
     eac.gov · source date 2025 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 9 ledger claims
     Cited on: Ballot access: the practical steps between being eligible and casting a vote that counts, Election administration funding: paying for the machinery of voting, Disability access: voting privately and independently with a disability

My Vote Forward sources E to E, part 36

My Vote Forward sources 351 to 360:

351. EAC, About the EAC
     eac.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The Voting Rights Act and after: vote dilution, registration law, and the fight over Section 2
352. EAC, Election Security Funds
     eac.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Election administration funding: paying for the machinery of voting
353. EAC, System Certification Process
     eac.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Is My Vote Forward an official voting service?
354. EAC, The Road to Widespread Deployment of Next Generation VVSG 2.0-Certified Voting Systems
     eac.gov · source date 2026-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Security: three layers that must not be confused, Jurisdictions: many laws, layered districts, no universal approval, Election administration funding: paying for the machinery of voting
355. Eady et al., Nature Communications 14:62
     pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov · source date 2023-01-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Foreign interference: outside governments trying to shape another country’s vote, Won’t a participation platform make polarization worse?, Can public priorities be manipulated by media?
356. Educating for American Democracy
     educatingforamericandemocracy.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Civic education: what schools teach about self-government, and what it changes
357. Education Week, Where Are Ed. Dept. Programs Moving?
     edweek.org · source date 2026-07-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Education: who decides
358. Ehler, Wolter, Junkermann, Sensitive Questions in Surveys, POQ 85(1) 6-27
     doi.org · source date 2021 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: general · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Handling levels: placarded issues and the care they get
359. EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.3
     eia.gov · source date 2026-10-23 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Environment and energy, Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
360. EIA, Electricity in the United States
     eia.gov · source date 2025 data · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Environment and energy, Environment and energy: what the evidence shows

My Vote Forward sources E to E, part 37

My Vote Forward sources 361 to 370:

361. EIA, Levelized Costs of New Generation Resources in AEO2025
     eia.gov · source date 2025-04 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
362. EIA, Prices and factors affecting prices
     eia.gov · source date 2026 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides, Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
363. EIA, The United States produced more crude oil than any other country in 2025
     eia.gov · source date 2026-07-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
364. EIA, The United States set record energy production in 2025, again
     eia.gov · source date 2026-05-11 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Environment and energy, Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
365. EIA, U.S. energy facts explained
     eia.gov · source date 2025 data · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
366. Eichhorn, Votes At 16, Parliamentary Affairs 71(2)
     academic.oup.com · source date 2018-04 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Scotland, United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2014 Scottish independence referendum
367. EJPD/EDA/WBF, Art. 121a BV Umsetzungskonzept
     newsd.admin.ch · source date 2014-06-20 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (federal) · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Switzerland’s direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
368. Elections Act 2022 Part 5
     legislation.gov.uk · source date 2022 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Voter intimidation: pressure on voters and on the people who run elections
369. Elections Act 2022, section 8 (RPA 1983 s.114A)
     legislation.gov.uk · source date 2022 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Can someone be punished for an opinion they share?, Can someone in a household coerce a remote voter?
370. Elections BC, Report of the CEO on the 2018 Referendum on Electoral Reform
     elections.bc.ca · source date 2019 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: British Columbia, Canada · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: British Columbia’s Citizens’ Assembly on Electoral Reform (2003 to 2009)

My Vote Forward sources E to E, part 38

My Vote Forward sources 371 to 380:

371. Elections BC, Report of the CEO, 2005 General Election and Referendum
     elections.bc.ca · source date 2005 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: British Columbia, Canada · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: British Columbia’s Citizens’ Assembly on Electoral Reform (2003 to 2009)
372. Elections BC, Report of the CEO, 39th General Election and Referendum, May 12, 2009
     elections.bc.ca · source date 2009 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: British Columbia, Canada · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: British Columbia’s Citizens’ Assembly on Electoral Reform (2003 to 2009)
373. Electoral Commission, Marriage Referendum and Age of Presidential Candidates Referendum
     electoralcommission.ie · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ireland’s citizens’ assemblies: randomly selected citizens before national votes
374. Electoral Management Board for Scotland, Result of the Scottish Independence Referendum
     emb.scot · source date 2014-09-19 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Scotland, United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2014 Scottish independence referendum
375. Elliott and Valliant, Inference for Nonprobability Samples, Statistical Science 32(2)
     doi.org · source date 2017 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Opt-in panels: the mathematics of self-selection and the limits of adjustment, Survey sampling: how a few thousand answers can describe millions, and when they cannot
376. Engstrom and Roberts, The Politics of Ballot Design
     api.openalex.org · source date 2020 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The Australian ballot in America: how a state-printed ballot reshaped parties, candidacy, and design
377. Enns, Perspectives on Politics 13(4)
     doi.org · source date 2015 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Week 3: Who participates, and whose preferences count
378. Enns, Relative Policy Support and Coincidental Representation, Perspectives on Politics 13(4)
     cambridge.org · source date 2015-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The representation gap
379. Enns, Relative Policy Support and Coincidental Representation, Perspectives on Politics 13(4)
     cambridge.org · source date 2015-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, United States (federal policy), United States (research) · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Government and rights, the evidence, Unequal participation: who votes, who does not, and whether it changes what government does, Can wealthy or organized groups dominate a priority-setting system?
380. EOIR Announces Significant Immigration Court Milestones (DOJ EOIR)
     justice.gov · source date 2025-09-04 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides

My Vote Forward sources E to E, part 39

My Vote Forward sources 381 to 390:

381. EPA 7th DWINSA
     epa.gov · source date 2023-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Infrastructure and Transport: what the evidence shows
382. EPA final rule page
     epa.gov · source date 2026-02-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides, Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
383. EPA supplemental notice of proposed rulemaking
     epa.gov · source date 2026-09-14 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides
384. EPA, Climate Change and Social Vulnerability in the United States
     epa.gov · source date 2021-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Environment and energy, Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
385. EPA, How the DWSRF Works
     epa.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Infrastructure and Transport: who decides
386. EPA, Information about Public Water Systems
     epa.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Infrastructure and Transport: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Infrastructure and Transport: who decides, Infrastructure and Transport: what the evidence shows
387. EPA, Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks
     epa.gov · source date page updated 2026-06-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Environment and energy, Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
388. EPA, Lead and Copper Rule Improvements
     epa.gov · source date 2024-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Infrastructure and Transport: who decides, Infrastructure and Transport: what the evidence shows
389. ERR News, Potential security risk could affect 750,000 Estonian ID cards
     news.err.ee · source date 2017-09-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Estonia (national) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Estonia’s internet voting: twenty years of binding i-votes, re-voting and the security debate
390. Estimates of the Illegal Alien Population Residing in the United States, listing (DHS OHSS)
     ohss.dhs.gov · source date 2024-04-18 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure

My Vote Forward sources E to E, part 40

My Vote Forward sources 391 to 400:

391. Estimates of the Unauthorized Immigrant Population Residing in the United States: January 2018 to January 2022 (DHS OHSS)
     ohss.dhs.gov · source date 2024-04 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Immigration and Citizenship: what the evidence shows
392. Estonia E-Voting Security Analysis project site
     estoniaevoting.org · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Estonia (national) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Estonia’s internet voting: twenty years of binding i-votes, re-voting and the security debate
393. Estonian State Electoral Office, Introduction to i-voting
     valimised.ee · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Estonia, Estonia (national) · 15 ledger claims
     Cited on: Intimidation, coercion, and vote buying, Identity, authentication, eligibility, and registration, Audits and verification: evidence without exposing the vote, Jurisdictions: many laws, layered districts, no universal approval, Estonia’s internet voting: twenty years of binding i-votes, re-voting and the security debate, Does a fingerprint or face scan prove someone is eligible to vote?, Can someone in a household coerce a remote voter?, What happens when someone changes their position?, What happens when the network or the system fails?, Is My Vote Forward an official voting service?, Hardware: what devices can and cannot prove
394. Estonian State Electoral Office, Questions about reliability of i-voting
     valimised.ee · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Estonia, Estonia (national) · 7 ledger claims
     Cited on: Intimidation, coercion, and vote buying, Hardware: what devices can and cannot prove, Estonia’s internet voting: twenty years of binding i-votes, re-voting and the security debate, Does a fingerprint or face scan prove someone is eligible to vote?, Can someone in a household coerce a remote voter?
395. EU Referendum Act 2015 Explanatory Notes
     legislation.gov.uk · source date 2015-12-17 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum
396. EU Referendum Act 2015 Explanatory Notes, Commentary
     legislation.gov.uk · source date 2015-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum
397. EU Referendum Act 2015 Explanatory Notes, Policy background
     legislation.gov.uk · source date 2015 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum
398. European Commission, European Climate Law
     climate.ec.europa.eu · source date 2026-04-20 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: European Union · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides
399. European Union (Notification of Withdrawal) Act 2017
     legislation.gov.uk · source date 2017 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum
400. European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 s.20
     legislation.gov.uk · source date 2020 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum

My Vote Forward sources E to F, part 41

My Vote Forward sources 401 to 410:

401. European Union Referendum Act 2015, s.1
     legislation.gov.uk · source date 2015-12-17 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum, Can an institution lawfully ignore a public result?
402. European Union Referendum Act 2015, section 2. legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2015/36/section/2
     legislation.gov.uk
     Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum
403. Evaluating Online Nonprobability Surveys (Pew)
     pewresearch.org · source date 2016-05-02 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: US, United States · 5 ledger claims
     Cited on: Measurement, Evaluation, The framework, Priorities, Representation
404. Evaluating the fake news problem at the scale of the information ecosystem
     pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov · source date 2020-04-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Misinformation
405. Evenwel v. Abbott
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2016-04-04 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, Texas · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The census and apportionment: counting people to divide power
406. Executive Order 14242, American Presidency Project
     presidency.ucsb.edu · source date 2025-03-20 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Education: who decides
407. FairVote
     fairvote.org · source date 2018-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Maine, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Maine’s ranked-choice voting (2016 to present)
408. FairVote
     fairvote.org · source date 2026-04-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Maine, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Maine’s ranked-choice voting (2016 to present)
409. Fake news on Twitter during the 2016 U.S. presidential election
     doi.org · source date 2019-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Misinformation
410. Farrell, Suiter, Harris, Irish Political Studies 34(1)
     doi.org · source date 2019 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Week 8: Deliberation, sortition, and mini-publics

My Vote Forward sources F to F, part 42

My Vote Forward sources 411 to 420:

411. Farrell, Suiter, Harris, Systematizing constitutional deliberation (Irish Political Studies 34(1))
     cora.ucc.ie · source date 2019 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short, Ireland’s citizens’ assemblies: randomly selected citizens before national votes
412. FBI, UCR Summary of Reported Crimes in the Nation, 2024
     cde.ucr.cjis.gov · source date 2025-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows
413. FBI, UCR Summary of Reported Crimes in the Nation, 2025
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     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows
414. FDFA aboutswitzerland, Direct democracy
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     Cited on: Hard questions about My Vote Forward, Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short, Participation between elections: referendums, consultation, and participatory budgeting, The framework, Proposals, Participation over time, Jurisdictions: many laws, layered districts, no universal approval, Who decides government and rights, Who decides defense and foreign affairs, Switzerland’s direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde, Does a majority decide anyone’s rights in this framework?, Can an institution lawfully ignore a public result?, Cases: what real participation systems achieved, and where they failed, Proposal: a specific plan for public action, Initiative: citizens propose a law and put it to a vote, Referendum: a question put directly to voters, Is My Vote Forward a form of direct democracy?, How is My Vote Forward different from petitions?
415. Federal Bureau of Prisons, First Step Act: Overview
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     Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
416. Federal Chancellery, fünfte Strafanzeige
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     Cited on: Switzerland’s direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
417. Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation (English translation, 2014 text), Constitute Project
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     Cited on: Switzerland’s direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
418. Federal Council, Hausdurchsuchungen Unterschriftenfälschungen
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     Cited on: Switzerland’s direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde, Won’t bots and fake accounts flood a participation platform?, How is My Vote Forward different from petitions?
419. Federal Register Vol. 86 No. 233, Determinations Under Section 203
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     Cited on: Language access: voting when English is not your strongest language
420. Federal Reserve Board, Federal Open Market Committee
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     Cited on: Economy and Work: who decides

My Vote Forward sources F to F, part 43

My Vote Forward sources 421 to 430:

421. Federal Reserve Board, report on economic well-being of U.S. households in 2025
     federalreserve.gov · source date 2026-05-13 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Economy and Work, Economy and Work: evidence
422. Federal Rulemaking: Selected Agencies Should Clearly Communicate Practices Associated with Identity Information in the Public Comment Process
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     Cited on: Agenda capture
423. Fedozzi et al., Orçamento Participativo de Porto Alegre: Perfil, Avaliação e Percepções do Público Participante
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     Cited on: Porto Alegre participatory budgeting: the original model, its peak and its long decline, Cases: what real participation systems achieved, and where they failed
424. FHWA Highway Statistics 2023, HM-10
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     Cited on: Infrastructure and Transport: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Infrastructure and Transport: who decides, Infrastructure and Transport: what the evidence shows
425. FHWA Highway Statistics 2023, HM-20
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     Cited on: Infrastructure and Transport: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Infrastructure and Transport: what the evidence shows
426. FIDO Alliance, Passkey Central, “How passkeys work.”
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     Cited on: Authentication: proving control of an account, Passkey: a phishing-resistant sign-in credential
427. FIDO Alliance, Passkeys
     fidoalliance.org · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: General, international (industry), International (industry standard body), General (not jurisdiction-specific) · 6 ledger claims
     Cited on: Glossary, Identity, authentication, eligibility, and registration, Hardware: what devices can and cannot prove, Does a fingerprint or face scan prove someone is eligible to vote?, Passkey: a phishing-resistant sign-in credential
428. Financial Technology Development and Innovative Experimentation Act
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     Cited on: vTaiwan: how a civic tech community built an open consultation process for national rules
429. Fiorina and Abrams, Political Polarization in the American Public, Annual Review of Political Science (SSRC MediaWell listing)
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     Cited on: Polarization: when disagreement turns into distrust of the other side
430. Fishkin et al., APSR 115(4)
     api.openalex.org · source date 2021-07-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The deliberative democracy movement: from a theory of legitimacy to citizens’ assemblies

My Vote Forward sources F to F, part 44

My Vote Forward sources 431 to 440:

431. Fishkin, Siu, Diamond, Bradburn, APSR 115(4)
     doi.org · source date 2021 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Deliberation effects: what discussion changes, how it is measured, and what can go wrong in the measurement
432. Fishkin, Siu, Diamond, Bradburn, Is Deliberation an Antidote to Extreme Partisan Polarization?, APSR
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     Cited on: Polarization: when disagreement turns into distrust of the other side, Won’t a participation platform make polarization worse?, Why separate an opinion from a vote?
433. FOIA.gov, About
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     Cited on: Can the government use My Vote Forward data?
434. For Weighting Online Opt-In Samples, What Matters Most? (Pew)
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     Cited on: Measurement, Opt-in sample: people who chose to take part, Weighting: adjusting a sample to match a population, Opt-in panels: the mathematics of self-selection and the limits of adjustment, Week 6: Measuring public opinion: attitudes, samples, and nonresponse
435. Fordham Institute, State of State Standards for Civics and U.S. History in 2021
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     Cited on: Civic education: what schools teach about self-government, and what it changes
436. Foreign-Born Workers: Labor Force Characteristics, 2025 (BLS)
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     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the evidence shows
437. Fowler, Electoral and Policy Consequences of Voter Turnout, QJPS 8(2)
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     Cited on: Unequal participation: who votes, who does not, and whether it changes what government does, Australia’s compulsory voting (1924 to present)
438. Franco, Malhotra, Simonovits, Science 345(6203)
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     Cited on: Replication and preregistration: how social science checks itself, and how a civic platform can too
439. Freedom House, United States: Freedom in the World 2025
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     Cited on: Government and rights, the evidence
440. Frequently Asked Questions (The Citizens’ Assembly)
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     Cited on: Agenda capture

My Vote Forward sources F to G, part 45

My Vote Forward sources 441 to 450:

441. Frey and Goette, AJPS 42(4)
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     Cited on: Week 9: Direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, and minority rights
442. FTC press release on Cambridge Analytica
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     Cited on: Who can see my data in My Vote Forward?
443. Fung and Wright, Deepening Democracy, front matter and contents
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     Cited on: Seminar guide, Week 10: Participatory budgeting and the ladder of participation
444. Future Generations Commissioner for Wales, Well-being of Future Generations Act
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     Cited on: Short-term thinking: why democracies underweight the future
445. g0v international page
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     Cited on: vTaiwan: how a civic tech community built an open consultation process for national rules
446. Gallup News Service July 1-19, 2026 Final Topline (ECI and MIP)
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     Cited on: Education, Economy and Work, Economy and Work: evidence
447. Gallup Poll Social Series: Governance, Final Topline
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     Cited on: Subjects: ten provisional areas of public life, Health and Care: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Immigration and Citizenship: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Housing and Communities: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Education, Economy and Work, Infrastructure and Transport: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure
448. Gallup, Americans Prefer Tempered Crime-Fighting Methods
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     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure
449. Gallup, Americans’ Rating of Environment Hits New Low
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     Cited on: Environment and energy
450. Gallup, Climate Change Concern Near Its High Point in U.S.
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     Cited on: Environment and energy, Environment and energy: what the evidence shows

My Vote Forward sources G to G, part 46

My Vote Forward sources 451 to 460:

451. Gallup, Confidence in U.S. Institutions Remains Near All-Time Low
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     Cited on: Government and rights, the evidence
452. Gallup, Congress and the Public
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     Cited on: Gridlock and legislative deadlock, The representation gap
453. Gallup, Crime in U.S. Seen as Less Serious for Second Straight Year
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     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure
454. Gallup, Democrats’ Confidence in U.S. Institutions Sinks to New Low
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     Cited on: Government and rights, Government and rights, the evidence, Defense and foreign affairs
455. Gallup, Majorities Still Back Stricter Gun Laws, Assault Weapons Ban
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     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure
456. Gallup, Most Important Problem
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     Cited on: The framework, Priorities, Agenda capture, Opinion: a stated view on a worded question, Priority: a judgment of what deserves attention first, Salience: how prominent an issue is in attention, Priority versus salience: why “the most important problem” is not the same as what matters most
457. Gallup, Record-High 56% in U.S. Perceive Local Crime Has Increased
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     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure
458. Gallup, U.S. Prison System Rated High on Security, Low on Reform
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     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure
459. Gamble, AJPS 41(1)
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     Cited on: Week 9: Direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, and minority rights
460. Ganuza and Menéndez-Blanco, ¿Te ha tocado? El sorteo llega a la política de Madrid, Recerca 25(1)
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     Cited on: Decide Madrid: citizen proposals, a city vote and a short-lived sortition body

My Vote Forward sources G to G, part 47

My Vote Forward sources 461 to 470:

461. GAO High-Risk List
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     Cited on: Defense and foreign affairs, Defense and foreign affairs, the evidence
462. GAO-08-182, Bilingual Voting Assistance
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     Cited on: Language access: voting when English is not your strongest language
463. GAO-12-701
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     Cited on: Gridlock and legislative deadlock
464. GAO-18-4, Voters with Disabilities: Observations on Polling Place Accessibility
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     Cited on: Disability access: voting privately and independently with a disability
465. GAO-20-145, Economic Sanctions
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     Cited on: Defense and foreign affairs, the evidence
466. GAO-24-106703, F-35 Sustainment
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     Cited on: Defense and foreign affairs, the evidence
467. GAO, America’s Fiscal Future
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     Cited on: Short-term thinking: why democracies underweight the future
468. GAO, Elections: Issues Related to State Voter Identification Laws, GAO-14-634
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     Cited on: Ballot access: the practical steps between being eligible and casting a vote that counts
469. Gao, Lee, Murphy, Financing Dies in Darkness?, Brookings
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     Cited on: The collapse of local news
470. Gastil review POQ 70(1); Smith review PoP 3(3)
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     Cited on: The initiative and referendum movement: how American states let voters write law

My Vote Forward sources G to G, part 48

My Vote Forward sources 471 to 480:

471. GDPR Article 7 (reproduction)
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     Cited on: Consent: specific, revocable, and never a key to the ballot, Published releases: scheduled, reviewed, and the same for everyone, Consent: agreement to a specific use of information
472. GDPR Article 9 (reproduction)
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     Cited on: Privacy: five kinds of data, five sets of rules, Jurisdictions: many laws, layered districts, no universal approval, Who can see my data in My Vote Forward?
473. Gelauff and Goel, Rank, Pack, or Approve
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     Cited on: Collective priorities: how individual rankings become a group picture, and what that picture cannot say
474. Gelman and Loken, The garden of forking paths
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     Cited on: Replication and preregistration: how social science checks itself, and how a civic platform can too
475. Georgia Recorder via Rough Draft Atlanta, Georgia oversight panel ruminates on 2020 election hiccups
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     Cited on: Georgia’s 2020 hand count audit: a full manual tally of about five million ballots
476. Gerber et al., BJPS
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     Cited on: Week 4: The secret ballot and the history of who may vote
477. Gerber, Green, Shachar, Voting May Be Habit Forming, AJPS 47(3)
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     Cited on: Youth participation: why the youngest eligible voters vote least, and what changes it
478. Gerber, The Populist Paradox, Princeton UP
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     Cited on: The initiative and referendum movement: how American states let voters write law
479. Gibbard, Econometrica 41(4)
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     Cited on: Week 5: Adding up preferences: social choice and its limits
480. Gibson and Sutherland, Keeping Your Mouth Shut, PSQ 138(3) 361-376
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     Cited on: Handling levels: placarded issues and the care they get, Handling level: how much care a question gets

My Vote Forward sources G to G, part 49

My Vote Forward sources 481 to 490:

481. Gilens and Page, Perspectives on Politics 12(3)
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     Cited on: Week 3: Who participates, and whose preferences count
482. Gilens and Page, Testing Theories of American Politics, Perspectives on Politics 12(3)
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     Cited on: Hard questions about My Vote Forward, Representation, The representation gap, Government and rights, Government and rights, the evidence, Money in politics, Unequal participation: who votes, who does not, and whether it changes what government does, Can wealthy or organized groups dominate a priority-setting system?, Single-issue mobilization: when the most intense voters outweigh the largest number, Why not just call your representative?, Seminar guide
483. Gilens, The Insufficiency of Democracy by Coincidence (reprint)
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     Cited on: Representation
484. Gill v. Whitford, No. 16-1161
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     Cited on: Gerrymandering
485. Giraudet et al., Co-construction in deliberative democracy: lessons from the French Citizens’ Convention for Climate, Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 9:207
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     Cited on: France’s Citizens’ Convention for Climate (2019 to 2021)
486. Glaeser and Gyourko, JEP 32(1)
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     Cited on: Housing and Communities: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Housing and Communities: what the evidence shows
487. Glennon, The future for citizens’ assemblies in Ireland, I-CONnect
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     Cited on: Ireland’s citizens’ assemblies: randomly selected citizens before national votes, Cases: what real participation systems achieved, and where they failed
488. Goel et al., Knapsack Voting for Participatory Budgeting
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     Cited on: Collective priorities: how individual rankings become a group picture, and what that picture cannot say, Priorities, Tradeoffs
489. Goldberg and Bachtiger, BJPolS 53(1)
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     Cited on: The deliberative democracy movement: from a theory of legitimacy to citizens’ assemblies
490. Goncalves, Effects of Participatory Budgeting on Municipal Expenditures and Infant Mortality in Brazil (World Development)
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     Cited on: Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short, Participatory budgeting: residents decide part of a public budget, Public budget blindness: deciding priorities without seeing what things cost, Week 10: Participatory budgeting and the ladder of participation

My Vote Forward sources G to H, part 50

My Vote Forward sources 491 to 500:

491. Gronke and Miller, Voting by Mail and Turnout in Oregon, American Politics Research 40(6)
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     Cited on: Oregon vote by mail: the first all-mail state and what it measured
492. Gronlund, Herne, Setala, Does Enclave Deliberation Polarize Opinions?, Political Behavior 37(4)
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     Cited on: Deliberation effects: what discussion changes, how it is measured, and what can go wrong in the measurement
493. Grose, Reducing Legislative Polarization, JPIPE 1
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     Cited on: Primary elections and the few who decide
494. Groves, Nonresponse Rates and Nonresponse Bias in Household Surveys, POQ 70(5)
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     Cited on: Measurement, Nonresponse bias: when those who answer differ from those who do not
495. Groves, POQ 70(5)
     doi.org · source date 2006 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Week 6: Measuring public opinion: attitudes, samples, and nonresponse
496. Guess et al., How do social media feed algorithms affect attitudes and behavior in an election campaign?, Science 381(6656)
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     Cited on: Polarization: when disagreement turns into distrust of the other side
497. Guinness World Records, Longest time without a government in peacetime
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     Cited on: Gridlock and legislative deadlock
498. Gutmann and Thompson, Why Deliberative Democracy?
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     Cited on: Week 8: Deliberation, sortition, and mini-publics
499. Hagelskamp et al., Shifting Priorities, NPS 42(2) (abstract via OpenAlex)
     doi.org · source date 2020 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New York City · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: New York City participatory budgeting: council districts, The People’s Money and what the evidence shows
500. Haines, Lewis, Pereira, Teague, How not to prove your election outcome, IEEE S&P 2020
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     Cited on: Switzerland’s e-voting trials: suspension, redesign, and the 2026 Basel-Stadt incident

My Vote Forward sources H to H, part 51

My Vote Forward sources 501 to 510:

501. Hainmueller and Hangartner, AJPS 63(3)
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     Cited on: Switzerland’s direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
502. Hajnal and Lewis, Municipal Institutions and Voter Turnout in Local Elections, Urban Affairs Review 38(5)
     doi.org · source date 2003-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: California (cities) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Low turnout in local elections: when a small and unrepresentative electorate decides
503. Hajnal, Gerber, Louch, Minorities and Direct Legislation, JOP 64(1)
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     Cited on: Tyranny of the majority: when the larger number decides what the smaller number may do
504. Hajnal, Kogan, Markarian, Who Votes: City Election Timing and Voter Composition, APSR 116(1)
     doi.org · source date 2021-08-19 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: California (cities) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Unequal participation: who votes, who does not, and whether it changes what government does, Low turnout in local elections: when a small and unrepresentative electorate decides
505. Hall and Miller, Using the bootstrap to quantify the authority of an empirical ranking, Annals of Statistics 37(6B)
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     Cited on: Ranked preferences: statistical models for lists of what matters most
506. Hall, What Happens When Extremists Win Primaries?, APSR 109(1)
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     Cited on: Primary elections and the few who decide, Problems
507. Hampton et al., Social Media and the Spiral of Silence, Pew
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     Cited on: Handling levels: placarded issues and the care they get
508. Hanushek, Money Matters After All?, Education Next
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     Cited on: Education, Education: evidence
509. Hargittai and Karaoglu, Socius 4
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     Cited on: Public opinion polling: from straw votes to probability samples to the modern accuracy debate
510. Harley, African American Women and the Nineteenth Amendment, NPS
     nps.gov · source date 2019-04-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Women’s suffrage: how half the adult population won the vote, and what changed after

My Vote Forward sources H to H, part 52

My Vote Forward sources 511 to 520:

511. Harris Health, About Us
     harrishealth.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Harris County, Texas · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Health and Care: who decides
512. Harrison and Gamino, Economics and Politics
     api.openalex.org · source date 2024 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The Voting Rights Act and after: vote dilution, registration law, and the fight over Section 2
513. Harvard EELP endangerment finding tracker
     eelp.law.harvard.edu · source date 2026-09-17 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides
514. Harvard JCHS, The State of the Nation’s Housing 2025
     jchs.harvard.edu · source date 2025 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 9 ledger claims
     Cited on: Housing and Communities: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Housing and Communities: who decides, Housing and Communities: what the evidence shows
515. Harvard Kennedy School publication record
     hks.harvard.edu · source date 2009 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Seminar guide, Week 4: The secret ballot and the history of who may vote
516. Harvard University Press, Voice and Equality
     hup.harvard.edu · source date 1995-09-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Week 3: Who participates, and whose preferences count
517. Harvey Goldstein and David J. Spiegelhalter, “League Tables and Their Limitations: Statistical Issues in Comparisons of Institutional Performance,” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A 1
     doi.org
     Cited on: Ranked preferences: statistical models for lists of what matters most
518. Haut Conseil pour le Climat, Avis portant sur le projet de loi Climat et résilience
     hautconseilclimat.fr · source date 2021-02-23 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: France · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: France’s Citizens’ Convention for Climate (2019 to 2021)
519. Hayduk et al., Immigrant Engagement in PB in NYC, NPS 39(1) (abstract via OpenAlex)
     doi.org · source date 2017 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New York City · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: New York City participatory budgeting: council districts, The People’s Money and what the evidence shows
520. Healy and Malhotra, Myopic Voters and Natural Disaster Policy, APSR 103(3)
     digitalcommons.lmu.edu · source date 2009 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Short-term thinking: why democracies underweight the future

My Vote Forward sources H to H, part 53

My Vote Forward sources 521 to 530:

521. Hetherington, The Political Relevance of Political Trust, APSR 92(4)
     doi.org · source date 1998 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Measuring trust: what survey trust items capture, how reliable they are, and how to tell trust from partisanship
522. Hino and Imai, Ranking and Rating, IJPOR 31(2)
     doi.org · source date 2019 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Japan · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ranked preferences: statistical models for lists of what matters most
523. HM Treasury analysis: the immediate economic impact of leaving the EU
     gov.uk · source date 2016-05-23 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum
524. Hobolt, The Brexit vote: a divided nation, a divided continent, JEPP 23(9)
     researchonline.lse.ac.uk · source date 2016 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum
525. Hollingsworth v. Perry, 570 U.S. 693
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2013-06-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: California, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: California’s statewide initiative process
526. Holyrood, EU vote will not be a yes/no choice
     holyrood.com · source date 2015-09-02 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum
527. Horvitz and Thompson, A Generalization of Sampling Without Replacement From a Finite Universe, JASA 47(260)
     doi.org · source date 1952 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Survey sampling: how a few thousand answers can describe millions, and when they cannot
528. House History, The Permanent Apportionment Act of 1929
     history.house.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: The representation gap, The census and apportionment: counting people to divide power
529. How do social media feed algorithms affect attitudes and behavior in an election campaign?
     doi.org · source date 2023-07-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (Facebook, Instagram), United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Misinformation, Week 7: Agenda power: who decides what the public is asked about
530. How it works (European Citizens’ Initiative)
     citizens-initiative.europa.eu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: European Union · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Agenda capture

My Vote Forward sources H to I, part 54

My Vote Forward sources 531 to 540:

531. How petitions work
     petition.parliament.uk · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Agenda capture, What about non-citizens and people under 18?, How is My Vote Forward different from petitions?
532. Hsiao, Lin, Tang, Narayanan, Sarahe, vTaiwan: An Empirical Study of Open Consultation Process in Taiwan
     osf.io · source date 2018 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Taiwan (national) · 13 ledger claims
     Cited on: vTaiwan: how a civic tech community built an open consultation process for national rules
533. HUD, Housing Choice Vouchers: Tenants
     hud.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Housing and Communities: who decides
534. Hudson, Does Public Participation Really Matter? (Policy and Internet, doi:10.1002/poi3.167)
     oidp.net · source date 2017-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Iceland · 5 ledger claims
     Cited on: Iceland’s crowdsourced constitution: an open drafting process that stalled in parliament, Cases: what real participation systems achieved, and where they failed
535. Human Rights Watch, Ballots to Bullets
     hrw.org · source date 2008-03-16 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Kenya · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Voter intimidation: pressure on voters and on the people who run elections
536. Humanista (UFRGS), Gestão Pública fact-check
     ufrgs.br · source date 2020-10-30 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Porto Alegre, Brazil · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Porto Alegre participatory budgeting: the original model, its peak and its long decline
537. Hunter, MM algorithms for generalized Bradley-Terry models, Annals of Statistics 32(1)
     doi.org · source date 2004 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ranked preferences: statistical models for lists of what matters most
538. ICCPR Article 25, as reproduced by University of Minnesota Human Rights Library
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     Cited on: The framework, Private voting
539. IEA, ICCS 2022 study page
     iea.nl · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: international · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Civic education: what schools teach about self-government, and what it changes
540. IFES ElectionGuide, British Referendum 2016
     electionguide.org · source date 2016-06-23 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum

My Vote Forward sources I to I, part 55

My Vote Forward sources 541 to 550:

541. IFES ElectionGuide, Chilean Referendum 2020
     electionguide.org · source date 2020-10-25 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Chile · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Chile’s constitutional processes (2020 to 2023)
542. IFES ElectionGuide, Chilean Referendum 2022
     electionguide.org · source date 2022-09-04 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Chile · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Chile’s constitutional processes (2020 to 2023), Australia’s compulsory voting (1924 to present)
543. IFES ElectionGuide, Chilean Referendum 2023
     electionguide.org · source date 2023-12-17 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Chile · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Chile’s constitutional processes (2020 to 2023)
544. IFES ElectionGuide, Colombian Referendum 2016
     electionguide.org · source date 2016-10-02 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Colombia · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Referendum failures: when asking everyone produces an answer nobody can use
545. IFES ElectionGuide, New Zealand Referendum 2011
     electionguide.org · source date 2011-11-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New Zealand · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: New Zealand’s 2020 referendums on end of life choice and cannabis
546. IFES ElectionGuide, New Zealand Referendum 2020
     electionguide.org · source date 2020-10-17 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New Zealand · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: New Zealand’s 2020 referendums on end of life choice and cannabis
547. IFES ElectionGuide: Irish Referendum 2018
     electionguide.org · source date 2018-05-25 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short, Referendum failures: when asking everyone produces an answer nobody can use, Ireland’s citizens’ assemblies: randomly selected citizens before national votes
548. Imai, Multivariate Regression Analysis for the Item Count Technique, JASA 106(494)
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     Cited on: Opinion and choice
549. IMO, Maritime Security FAQ
     imo.org · source date undated web page · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: international · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Handling levels: placarded issues and the care they get, Handling level: how much care a question gets
550. IMO, SOLAS XI-2 and the ISPS Code
     imo.org · source date undated web page · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: international · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Handling levels: placarded issues and the care they get, Handling level: how much care a question gets

My Vote Forward sources I to I, part 56

My Vote Forward sources 551 to 560:

551. IMO, The IMDG Code
     imo.org · source date undated web page · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: international · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Handling levels: placarded issues and the care they get, Handling level: how much care a question gets
552. INE COTECORA, Estimacion de Resultados: Eleccion Presidencial 2024
     ine.mx · source date 2024-06-02 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Mexico · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Mexico’s citizen polling stations: randomly selected neighbors run the vote and count it
553. INE, Conteos rapidos (program page)
     ine.mx · source date undated (current) · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Mexico · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Mexico’s citizen polling stations: randomly selected neighbors run the vote and count it
554. INE, Numeralia Proceso Electoral Extraordinario del Poder Judicial de la Federacion 2024-2025
     repositoriodocumental.ine.mx · source date 2025-08-15 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Mexico · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Mexico’s citizen polling stations: randomly selected neighbors run the vote and count it
555. Information Disorder: Toward an Interdisciplinary Framework for Research and Policy Making
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     Cited on: Misinformation
556. INSEE, Commune de Paris (75056)
     insee.fr · source date 2023 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: France (Paris) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Paris participatory budget: a decade of resident-chosen investment and its open questions
557. International Budget Partnership, OBS 2023 United States
     internationalbudget.org · source date 2023 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Public budget blindness: deciding priorities without seeing what things cost
558. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Art. 25
     ohchr.org · source date 1966-12-16 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: International · 7 ledger claims
     Cited on: Hard questions about My Vote Forward, Glossary, Can someone be punished for an opinion they share?, Ballot: the official instrument of a vote, Eligibility: meeting the legal requirements to vote, Secrecy: no one can link a voter to a ballot, Week 4: The secret ballot and the history of who may vote, Seminar guide
559. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 25
     2covenants.ohchr.org · source date 1966-12-16 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: International, international · 6 ledger claims
     Cited on: The secret ballot: how private voting became a public safeguard, Access and exclusion: who was kept from voting, and how, Participation between elections: referendums, consultation, and participatory budgeting, Opinion and choice, Privacy: five kinds of data, five sets of rules, Jurisdictions: many laws, layered districts, no universal approval
560. International IDEA: Check for constitutionality or legality of initiatives
     idea.int · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short, Tyranny of the majority: when the larger number decides what the smaller number may do, Initiative: citizens propose a law and put it to a vote

My Vote Forward sources I to J, part 57

My Vote Forward sources 561 to 570:

561. International Migration Outlook 2025 infographic (OECD)
     oecd.org · source date 2025-10-21 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: OECD · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the evidence shows
562. Ioannidis, Why Most Published Research Findings Are False, PLoS Med 2(8)
     journals.plos.org · source date 2005 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Replication and preregistration: how social science checks itself, and how a civic platform can too
563. Ipsos MORI, Referendum on Scottish Independence: Question Testing
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     Cited on: The 2014 Scottish independence referendum
564. IPU, Women’s Suffrage world chronology
     archive.ipu.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: International · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Women’s suffrage: how half the adult population won the vote, and what changed after
565. IRS Notice 2025-42 (IRB 2025-36)
     irs.gov · source date 2025-09-02 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides, Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
566. IRS, Restriction of political campaign intervention by 501(c)(3) organizations
     irs.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Who funds My Vote Forward, and could money shape it?
567. Iyengar, Sood, Lelkes, Affect, Not Ideology, Public Opinion Quarterly 76(3)
     academic.oup.com · source date 2012 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Polarization: when disagreement turns into distrust of the other side
568. J. Alex Halderman, Hacking the D.C. Internet Voting Pilot, Freedom to Tinker
     blog.citp.princeton.edu · source date 2010-10-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: District of Columbia, United States, District of Columbia · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Washington, D.C. 2010 internet voting test: a public trial that was breached, Isn’t online voting insecure?
569. Jackson and Mackevicius, The Distribution of School Spending Impacts, NBER WP 28517
     nber.org · source date 2021-02 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Education: evidence
570. Jackson, Johnson and Persico, Money Does Matter After All, Education Next
     educationnext.org · source date 2015-07-17 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Education, Education: evidence

My Vote Forward sources J to J, part 58

My Vote Forward sources 571 to 580:

571. Jackson, Johnson and Persico, NBER WP 20847
     nber.org · source date 2015-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Education, Education: evidence
572. Jacobson v. Massachusetts, 197 U.S. 11
     law.cornell.edu · source date 1905-02-20 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Health and Care: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Health and Care: who decides
573. Jardim et al., Minimum Wage Increases, Wages, and Low-Wage Employment: Evidence from Seattle, NBER WP 23532
     nber.org · source date 2018-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Seattle, Washington · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Economy and Work: evidence
574. Jefferson Center, How We Work
     jefferson-center.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The deliberative democracy movement: from a theory of legitimacy to citizens’ assemblies
575. Jeffrey M. Jones, Gallup, record-high political independents
     news.gallup.com · source date 2026-01-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national adults) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Polarization: when disagreement turns into distrust of the other side
576. Jennings and Wlezien, POQ 75(3)
     doi.org · source date 2011 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Priority versus salience: why “the most important problem” is not the same as what matters most
577. Jerzy Neyman, “On the Two Different Aspects of the Representative Method: The Method of Stratified Sampling and the Method of Purposive Selection,” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 97(4), 1934
     doi.org
     Cited on: Survey sampling: how a few thousand answers can describe millions, and when they cannot
578. John R. Douceur, “The Sybil Attack,” Peer-to-Peer Systems: First International Workshop (IPTPS 2002) , Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2429, Springer, 2002, pp. 251 to 260. DOI 10.1007/3-540-45748-8
     doi.org
     Cited on: Detecting coordinated campaigns: text similarity, timing, networks, and the base-rate problem
579. John S. Dryzek, André Bächtiger, Simone Chambers, Joshua Cohen, James N. Druckman, Andrea Felicetti, et al., “The crisis of democracy and the science of deliberation,” Science 363(6432), 2019, pp. 114
     doi.org
     Cited on: Deliberation effects: what discussion changes, how it is measured, and what can go wrong in the measurement
580. John Yu, Referendum trouble may be blessing in disguise, Taipei Times
     taipeitimes.com · source date 2018-12-17 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Taiwan · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Taiwan’s referendums, 2018 to 2021: lower thresholds, crowded ballots, and a calendar fight

My Vote Forward sources J to J, part 59

My Vote Forward sources 581 to 590:

581. Johnson and Goldstein, Do Defaults Save Lives? (Science 2003), summary at Deceptive Patterns
     deceptive.design · source date 2003-11-21 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States / Europe · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Priorities
582. Johnson, Carlson, Reynolds, Testing the Participation Hypothesis, Political Behavior (Crossref/Semantic Scholar metadata only)
     doi.org · source date 2021-02-25 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New York City · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: New York City participatory budgeting: council districts, The People’s Money and what the evidence shows
583. Jones Day, United States Supreme Court Invalidates IEEPA Tariffs
     jonesday.com · source date 2026-02-23 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Economy and Work: who decides
584. Jones, A Brief Illustrated History of Voting
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     Cited on: Election technology: from lever machines to paper trails and voting system standards
585. Jornal do Comércio, Assembleias do OP já receberam mais de 9 mil participantes
     jornaldocomercio.com · source date 2025-07-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Porto Alegre, Brazil · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Porto Alegre participatory budgeting: the original model, its peak and its long decline
586. Joseph P. Near, David Darais, Naomi Lefkovitz, and Gary S. Howarth, NIST SP 800-226, Guidelines for Evaluating Differential Privacy Guarantees, March 2025
     nvlpubs.nist.gov · source date March 2025 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 14 ledger claims
     Cited on: Published release: a scheduled, versioned package of aggregate results, Aggregate: a summary that does not show any individual’s answer, Synthetic data: artificial records made to resemble real data, Differential privacy: a mathematical limit on what a release reveals, k-anonymity: hiding each record among at least k, Can the government use My Vote Forward data?, Why should anyone trust a published release?, Differential privacy in practice: budgets, sensitivity, noise, and who bears the error, Small-group suppression: when a published number is too small to be safe or too small to be true
587. Juels et al., WPES 2005
     doi.org · source date 2005 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Week 11: Election security, internet voting, and evidence-based elections
588. Juels, Catalano, Jakobsson, Coercion-Resistant Electronic Elections
     eprint.iacr.org · source date 2002 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: not applicable, General (not jurisdiction-specific) · 5 ledger claims
     Cited on: Intimidation, coercion, and vote buying, Secrecy: no one can link a voter to a ballot, Coercion: pressure to vote or speak a certain way, End-to-end verifiable voting: cryptographic evidence without revealing votes, Threat model: a structured account of what could go wrong
589. Juneau Empire
     juneauempire.com · source date 2020-12-13 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Alaska, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Alaska’s top-four primary and ranked-choice general election (2020 to present)
590. Juneau Empire / Homer News
     homernews.com · source date 2020-12-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Alaska, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Alaska’s top-four primary and ranked-choice general election (2020 to present)

My Vote Forward sources J to K, part 60

My Vote Forward sources 591 to 600:

591. Jurgen Habermas, SEP
     plato.stanford.edu · source date 2023-09-15 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The deliberative democracy movement: from a theory of legitimacy to citizens’ assemblies
592. Justin Levitt, The Truth About Voter Fraud, Brennan Center
     brennancenter.org · source date 2007-11-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Trust in elections: why confidence and accuracy are different problems
593. Kao Shih-ching, Tourism stocks lead TAIEX rebound, Taipei Times
     taipeitimes.com · source date 2018-11-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Taiwan · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Taiwan’s referendums, 2018 to 2021: lower thresholds, crowded ballots, and a calendar fight
594. KCRG (AP), Internal audit of 2020 Iowa caucuses
     kcrg.com · source date 2020-12-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Iowa, United States (party caucus) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: What happens when the network or the system fails?
595. Keeter et al., Pew
     pewresearch.org · source date 2021-03-02 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Public opinion polling: from straw votes to probability samples to the modern accuracy debate
596. Kennedy et al., POQ 82(1)
     api.openalex.org · source date 2017-12-11 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Public opinion polling: from straw votes to probability samples to the modern accuracy debate
597. Kennedy et al., Strategies for Detecting Insincere Respondents in Online Polling, POQ 85(4)
     doi.org · source date 2021 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Opt-in panels: the mathematics of self-selection and the limits of adjustment, Detecting coordinated campaigns: text similarity, timing, networks, and the base-rate problem
598. Kenneth O. May, “A Set of Independent Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Simple Majority Decision,” Econometrica 20(4), 1952. doi.org/10.2307/1907651
     doi.org
     Cited on: Week 5: Adding up preferences: social choice and its limits
599. Kenny et al., Science Advances 7(41)
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     Cited on: Differential privacy in practice: budgets, sensitivity, noise, and who bears the error
600. Keyfitz review, AJS
     api.openalex.org · source date 1950 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Public opinion polling: from straw votes to probability samples to the modern accuracy debate

My Vote Forward sources K to K, part 61

My Vote Forward sources 601 to 610:

601. KFF Health Tracking Poll February 2025
     kff.org · source date 2025-02-25 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Public budget blindness: deciding priorities without seeing what things cost
602. KFF, Medicaid Financing: The Basics
     kff.org · source date 2026-03-04 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Health and Care: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Health and Care: who decides
603. KFF, State Health Insurance Marketplace Types
     kff.org · source date 2026 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Health and Care: who decides
604. KFF, Status of State Medicaid Expansion Decisions
     kff.org · source date 2026-10-16 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Health and Care: who decides
605. Kleinberg, Bursty and hierarchical structure in streams, KDD 2002
     doi.org · source date 2002 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Detecting coordinated campaigns: text similarity, timing, networks, and the base-rate problem
606. Knobloch, Gastil, Richards, Feller, Evaluation Report on the 2012 CIRs
     sites.psu.edu · source date 2013 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Oregon · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Referendum failures: when asking everyone produces an answer nobody can use
607. Knowledge does not protect against illusory truth
     doi.org · source date 2015-08-24 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Laboratory, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Misinformation
608. Kogan, Lavertu, Peskowitz, Election Timing, Electorate Composition, and Policy Outcomes, AJPS 62(3)
     doi.org · source date 2018-04-16 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (school districts) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Low turnout in local elections: when a small and unrepresentative electorate decides
609. Kohlhaas v. State, Order
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     Cited on: Maine’s ranked-choice voting (2016 to present), Alaska’s top-four primary and ranked-choice general election (2020 to present)
610. Komisarchik and White, QJPS 20(2)
     api.openalex.org · source date 2025-04-14 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The Voting Rights Act and after: vote dilution, registration law, and the fight over Section 2

My Vote Forward sources K to L, part 62

My Vote Forward sources 611 to 620:

611. Krishna, Constitution of India blog
     constitutionofindia.net · source date 2022-09-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Chile · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Chile’s constitutional processes (2020 to 2023)
612. Kristian Gjosteen, The Norwegian Internet Voting Protocol, IACR ePrint 2013/473
     eprint.iacr.org · source date 2013-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Norway · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Norway’s internet voting trials: 2011 and 2013
613. Krosnick and Presser, Question and Questionnaire Design, Handbook of Survey Research 2nd ed.
     web.stanford.edu · source date 2010 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: general · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Question design, Evaluation
614. Krueger, Experimental Estimates of Education Production Functions, NBER WP 6051
     nber.org · source date 1997-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Tennessee · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Education: evidence
615. Kuenneke and Scutelnicu Todoran, PAQ 45(4) (abstract via OpenAlex)
     doi.org · source date 2021 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New York City · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: New York City participatory budgeting: council districts, The People’s Money and what the evidence shows
616. Kurlowski, Error Rates in Maine’s Ranked-Choice Elections, MIT Election Lab
     electionlab.mit.edu · source date 2019-07-11 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Maine, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Maine’s ranked-choice voting (2016 to present)
617. Lackaff, Escaping the Middleman Paradox: Better Reykjavik and Open Policy Innovation, JeDEM 7(2)
     jedem.org · source date 2015-12-14 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Reykjavik, Iceland · 13 ledger claims
     Cited on: Better Reykjavik and My Neighborhood: a city’s standing channel for resident ideas, Cases: what real participation systems achieved, and where they failed
618. Lalley and Weyl, Quadratic Voting (AEA Papers and Proceedings 108)
     aeaweb.org · source date 2018-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a (research), General (not jurisdiction-specific), none · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Collective priorities: how individual rankings become a group picture, and what that picture cannot say, Resource allocation: dividing a fixed amount across items, Single-issue mobilization: when the most intense voters outweigh the largest number
619. Landemore and Mercier, Analise Social 205
     api.openalex.org · source date 2012 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The deliberative democracy movement: from a theory of legitimacy to citizens’ assemblies
620. Landemore, Slate, five lessons from Iceland’s failed crowdsourced constitution experiment
     slate.com · source date 2014-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Iceland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Iceland’s crowdsourced constitution: an open drafting process that stalled in parliament

My Vote Forward sources L to L, part 63

My Vote Forward sources 621 to 630:

621. Landot et associés blog
     blog.landot-avocats.net · source date 2021-08-24 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: France · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: France’s Citizens’ Convention for Climate (2019 to 2021)
622. LAO, Common Claims About Proposition 13
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     Cited on: California’s statewide initiative process
623. Lassiter v. Northampton County Board of Elections, 360 U.S. 45
     law.cornell.edu · source date 1959-06-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Access and exclusion: who was kept from voting, and how
624. Latanya Sweeney, “k-anonymity: a model for protecting privacy,” International Journal on Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-based Systems 10(5), 2002, pp. 557 to 570
     dataprivacylab.org · source date 2002 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: General (not jurisdiction-specific) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: k-anonymity: hiding each record among at least k
625. Latin America Daily Briefing
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     Cited on: Chile’s constitutional processes (2020 to 2023)
626. LBNL, Queued Up: 2026 Edition
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     Cited on: Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
627. LBNL, U.S. State RPS and CES: 2024 Status Update
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     Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides
628. LCP, Loi Climat : des représentants du Haut Conseil pour le climat appellent les députés à améliorer le texte
     lcp.fr · source date 2021-02-24 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: France · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: France’s Citizens’ Convention for Climate (2019 to 2021)
629. League of Women Voters of Maine
     lwvme.org · source date 2026-04-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Maine, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Maine’s ranked-choice voting (2016 to present)
630. Less than you think: Prevalence and predictors of fake news dissemination on Facebook
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     Cited on: Misinformation

My Vote Forward sources L to L, part 64

My Vote Forward sources 631 to 640:

631. Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales (text with last reform DOF 2026-06-02)
     diputados.gob.mx · source date 2014-05-23 (reformed 2026-06-02) · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Mexico · 14 ledger claims
     Cited on: Mexico’s citizen polling stations: randomly selected neighbors run the vote and count it
632. LII Wex, Incorporation Doctrine
     law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Who decides government and rights
633. Lijphart, APSR 91(1)
     doi.org · source date 1997 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Comparative · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Week 3: Who participates, and whose preferences count
634. Lijphart, Unequal Participation, APSR 91(1)
     cambridge.org · source date 1997-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Comparative · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Australia’s compulsory voting (1924 to present)
635. Lindeman and Stark, A Gentle Introduction to Risk-limiting Audits, IEEE Security and Privacy
     stat.berkeley.edu · source date 2012 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: General, not applicable, General (research), General (not jurisdiction-specific), United States, n/a · 19 ledger claims
     Cited on: Hard questions about My Vote Forward, Glossary, Audits and verification: evidence without exposing the vote, Colorado’s risk-limiting audits: statistical evidence from paper ballots, Why should anyone trust the operator of this framework?, What happens when the network or the system fails?, Verification: checking that something is what it claims to be, Audit: an independent check of whether a process produced a correct result, Risk-limiting audit: statistical evidence that the winner is right, End-to-end verifiable voting: cryptographic evidence without revealing votes, Voter-verified paper record: the paper a voter can check before casting, Chain of custody: a documented record of who held what, and when, Threat model: a structured account of what could go wrong, Why should anyone trust a published release?, Week 11: Election security, internet voting, and evidence-based elections, Seminar guide
636. Lindeman, McBurnett, Ottoboni, Stark, Next Steps for the Colorado Risk-Limiting Audit (CORLA) Program
     arxiv.org · source date 2018-03-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Colorado, United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Colorado’s risk-limiting audits: statistical evidence from paper ballots
637. Lobbying and Policy Change (publisher description)
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     Cited on: Agenda capture
638. Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo, No. 22-451
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     Cited on: Government and rights, Who decides government and rights, Environment and energy: who decides
639. Louisiana v. Callais, No. 24-109
     supremecourt.gov · source date 2026-04-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal); Louisiana, United States (federal) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Gerrymandering
640. Louviere, Flynn, Marley, Best-Worst Scaling
     doi.org · source date 2015 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ranked preferences: statistical models for lists of what matters most

My Vote Forward sources L to M, part 65

My Vote Forward sources 641 to 650:

641. Lowest fiscal year for Border Patrol apprehensions since 1970 (CBP)
     cbp.gov · source date 2025-10-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the evidence shows
642. Lupia, APSR 88(1)
     doi.org · source date 1994 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: California, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Week 9: Direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, and minority rights
643. Lupia, Shortcuts Versus Encyclopedias, APSR 88(1)
     cambridge.org · source date 1994-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: California · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Referendum failures: when asking everyone produces an answer nobody can use
644. Luskin, Fishkin, Jowell, Considered Opinions, BJPolS 32(3)
     doi.org · source date 2002 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Deliberation effects: what discussion changes, how it is measured, and what can go wrong in the measurement
645. Lydia Saad, Gallup, confidence in 2024 vote count
     news.gallup.com · source date 2024-09-25 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national adults) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Trust in elections: why confidence and accuracy are different problems
646. M. G. Kendall, “A New Measure of Rank Correlation,” Biometrika 30(1-2), 1938, pp. 81 to 93. DOI 10.1093/biomet/30.1-2.81, record via OpenAlex. doi.org/10.1093/biomet/30.1-2.81 (accessed 2026-10-26).
     doi.org
     Cited on: Ranked preferences: statistical models for lists of what matters most
647. Machanavajjhala et al., l-Diversity, ACM TKDD 1(1)
     doi.org · source date 2007 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Small-group suppression: when a published number is too small to be safe or too small to be true
648. Mackie, Democracy Defended
     doi.org · source date 2003 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Week 5: Adding up preferences: social choice and its limits
649. Madison, The Federalist No. 10 (Avalon Project)
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     Cited on: Representation, Tyranny of the majority: when the larger number decides what the smaller number may do, The representation gap, Does a majority decide anyone’s rights in this framework?, Is My Vote Forward a form of direct democracy?, Does My Vote Forward replace elected officials?
650. Maine Revised Statutes, Title 21-A, section 723-A, Determination of winner by ranked-choice voting
     legislature.maine.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Maine, United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Ranking: an ordering from most to least important, Ranked-choice voting: ranking candidates and counting in rounds

My Vote Forward sources M to M, part 66

My Vote Forward sources 651 to 660:

651. Manin, Principles of Representative Government
     api.openalex.org · source date 1997 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Athenian democracy: lot, assembly, and the limits of the first citizen government
652. Mansbridge, APSR 97(4)
     doi.org · source date 2003 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Week 2: What it means to represent someone
653. Many Americans Say Made-Up News Is a Critical Problem That Needs To Be Fixed
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     Cited on: Misinformation
654. Mapes, Study: Oregon Motor Voter Program Boosted Turnout and Diversity, OPB
     opb.org · source date 2017-06-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Oregon · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Unequal participation: who votes, who does not, and whether it changes what government does
655. Margaret Levi and Laura Stoker, “Political Trust and Trustworthiness,” Annual Review of Political Science 3, 2000, pp. 475 to 507. DOI 10.1146/annurev.polisci.3.1.475, abstract via OpenAlex. doi.org/1
     doi.org
     Cited on: Measuring trust: what survey trust items capture, how reliable they are, and how to tell trust from partisanship
656. Mark Pack, Government changes plans for conduct of EU referendum
     markpack.org.uk · source date 2015-09-02 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum
657. Mark Pack, Vote Leave campaign broke law finds Electoral Commission
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     Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum
658. Marschall and Lappie, Turnout in Local Elections: Is Timing Really Everything?, Election Law Journal
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     Cited on: Low turnout in local elections: when a small and unrepresentative electorate decides
659. Martin and Yurukoglu, Bias in Cable News: Persuasion and Polarization, AER 107(9)
     aeaweb.org · source date 2017-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Polarization: when disagreement turns into distrust of the other side, Can public priorities be manipulated by media?
660. Massachusetts Acts of 2018, Chapter 296
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     Cited on: Civic education: what schools teach about self-government, and what it changes

My Vote Forward sources M to M, part 67

My Vote Forward sources 661 to 670:

661. Massachusetts v. EPA syllabus (LII)
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2007-04-02 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides
662. Matsusaka, Direct Democracy Works, JEP 19(2)
     aeaweb.org · source date 2005 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (research), United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: California’s statewide initiative process, Is My Vote Forward a form of direct democracy?
663. Matsusaka, JEP 19(2)
     doi.org · source date 2005 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Week 9: Direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, and minority rights
664. McClurg review, POQ 71(2)
     api.openalex.org · source date 2007 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The deliberative democracy movement: from a theory of legitimacy to citizens’ assemblies
665. McCombs and Shaw, The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media, POQ
     academic.oup.com · source date 1972 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, United States (survey research) · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Priorities, Agenda capture, Priority: a judgment of what deserves attention first, Agenda-setting: shaping which issues get attention
666. McCombs and Shaw, The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media, POQ 36(2)
     academic.oup.com · source date 1972 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (research), United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Who chooses the ten subjects, and why should anyone accept that list?, Can public priorities be manipulated by media?
667. McCombs and Shaw, The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media, POQ 36(2)
     doi.org · source date 1972 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Priority versus salience: why “the most important problem” is not the same as what matters most, Week 7: Agenda power: who decides what the public is asked about
668. McCutcheon v. FEC, No. 12-536
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2014-04-02 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Money in politics
669. McDonald v. City of Chicago
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2010-06-28 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
670. McGhee et al., A Primary Cause of Partisanship?, AJPS
     cise.luiss.it · source date 2014 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States state legislatures · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Primary elections and the few who decide

My Vote Forward sources M to M, part 68

My Vote Forward sources 671 to 680:

671. McGreevy, Irish Citizens’ Assembly and their liberal view on right to abortion, ConstitutionNet
     constitutionnet.org · source date 2017-07-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ireland’s citizens’ assemblies: randomly selected citizens before national votes
672. McHarg, The referendum and the role of the Electoral Commission
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     Cited on: The 2014 Scottish independence referendum, Who writes the questions, and how is wording kept fair?
673. McIntyre v. Ohio Elections Commission, 514 U.S. 334
     law.cornell.edu · source date 1995 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Can someone be punished for an opinion they share?
674. MDRC, Evaluation of Pretrial Justice System Reforms That Use the Public Safety Assessment
     mdrc.org · source date 2019-11 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New Jersey · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows
675. Medill release, News deserts hit new high
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     Cited on: The collapse of local news, Problems
676. Medill, The State of Local News 2025
     localnewsinitiative.northwestern.edu · source date 2025-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, United States (counties, 2010 definitions), IL, NY, NM, MD, MA · 6 ledger claims
     Cited on: The collapse of local news
677. Melgar, A Time of Closure? (Journal of Latin American Studies 46(1))
     cambridge.org · source date 2014-02-19 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Porto Alegre, Brazil · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short
678. Mendelberg and Oleske, Political Communication 17(2)
     api.openalex.org · source date 2000 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, n/a · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: The deliberative democracy movement: from a theory of legitimacy to citizens’ assemblies
679. Meng, Statistical paradises and paradoxes in big data (I), Annals of Applied Statistics 12(2)
     doi.org · source date 2018 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Opt-in panels: the mathematics of self-selection and the limits of adjustment
680. Mercera Silva and Chris Wintemute, U.S. Census Bureau, Government Organization Summary Report: 2022 and 2025, released May 2026
     census.gov · source date 2022 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Jurisdiction: a government unit with authority over an area and subject, Special district: a local government for a specific purpose

My Vote Forward sources M to M, part 69

My Vote Forward sources 681 to 690:

681. Mernyk, Pink, Druckman, Willer, Correcting inaccurate metaperceptions reduces Americans’ support for partisan violence, PNAS 119(16)
     ebi.ac.uk · source date 2022-04 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Polarization: when disagreement turns into distrust of the other side
682. Meta newsroom
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     Cited on: The collapse of local news
683. Meyer v. Grant, 486 U.S. 414
     law.cornell.edu · source date 1988-06-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal); Colorado, United States, United States, Colorado · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Agenda capture, How is My Vote Forward different from petitions?, The initiative and referendum movement: how American states let voters write law
684. Microsoft Learn, “Threats: Microsoft Threat Modeling Tool” (STRIDE model)
     learn.microsoft.com · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: General (not jurisdiction-specific) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Threat model: a structured account of what could go wrong
685. Mid-Decade Congressional Redistricting: Key Issues (CRS IF13082)
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     Cited on: Gerrymandering
686. Mill, Considerations on Representative Government, ch. X
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     Cited on: The secret ballot: how private voting became a public safeguard
687. Mill, On Liberty, ch. I
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     Cited on: Tyranny of the majority: when the larger number decides what the smaller number may do
688. Miller and Stokes, APSR 57(1)
     doi.org · source date 1963 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Week 1: Democracy between elections, and what officials actually hear
689. Miller, Aristotle’s Political Theory, SEP
     plato.stanford.edu · source date 2022-07-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Athenian democracy: lot, assembly, and the limits of the first citizen government
690. Miller, Johnson, Wherry, Medicaid and Mortality, NBER WP 26081
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     Cited on: Health and Care: what the evidence shows

My Vote Forward sources M to M, part 70

My Vote Forward sources 691 to 700:

691. Miller, Political Issues and Trust in Government, APSR 68(3)
     doi.org · source date 1974 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Measuring trust: what survey trust items capture, how reliable they are, and how to tell trust from partisanship
692. Miller, QJE 123(3)
     api.openalex.org · source date 2008 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Women’s suffrage: how half the adult population won the vote, and what changed after
693. Ministère de la Justice press release
     justice.gouv.fr · source date 2021-07-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: France · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: France’s Citizens’ Convention for Climate (2019 to 2021)
694. Ministry of Health, Registrar (assisted dying) Annual Report, June 2024
     health.govt.nz · source date 2024-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New Zealand · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: New Zealand’s 2020 referendums on end of life choice and cannabis
695. Ministry of the Interior, Advertisement of the results of the referendum on 20 October 2012
     stjornarradid.is · source date 2012-10-30 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Iceland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Iceland’s crowdsourced constitution: an open drafting process that stalled in parliament
696. Minnesota Voters Alliance v. Mansky
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2018-06-14 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, Minnesota · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Voter intimidation: pressure on voters and on the people who run elections
697. Minor v. Happersett, 88 U.S. 162
     law.cornell.edu · source date October Term 1874 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Women’s suffrage: how half the adult population won the vote, and what changed after
698. Missouri RSMo 290.502
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     Cited on: Economy and Work: who decides
699. MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Voter Confidence
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     Cited on: Trust in elections: why confidence and accuracy are different problems
700. MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Voter Turnout
     electionlab.mit.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Unequal participation: who votes, who does not, and whether it changes what government does, Low turnout in local elections: when a small and unrepresentative electorate decides

My Vote Forward sources M to M, part 71

My Vote Forward sources 701 to 710:

701. MIT Election Lab, Survey of the Performance of American Elections
     electionlab.mit.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Voter intimidation: pressure on voters and on the people who run elections, Survey sampling: how a few thousand answers can describe millions, and when they cannot, Measuring trust: what survey trust items capture, how reliable they are, and how to tell trust from partisanship
702. MIT News, Study: Preschool Gives a Big Boost to College Attendance
     economics.mit.edu · source date 2023-02-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Boston, Massachusetts · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Education: evidence
703. Montana Constitution Art. II Sec. 10
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     Cited on: Government and rights, Who decides government and rights
704. Moore and Sawhney (Voatz), Under the Hood: The West Virginia Mobile Voting Pilot (vendor authored)
     nass.org · source date 2019 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: West Virginia, United States · 6 ledger claims
     Cited on: West Virginia’s mobile voting pilot: Voatz in 2018 and the security reviews that followed
705. Moore v. Harper, No. 21-1271
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     Cited on: Gerrymandering
706. Moors et al., Two of a Kind, Survey Research Methods
     doi.org · source date 2016 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ranked preferences: statistical models for lists of what matters most
707. More in Common, The Perception Gap
     perceptiongap.us · source date 2019 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national adults, YouGov) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Polarization: when disagreement turns into distrust of the other side
708. More Speech and Fewer Mistakes
     about.fb.com · source date 2025-01-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Misinformation
709. Moskowitz and Rogowski, BJPolS
     api.openalex.org · source date 2023-04-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The Australian ballot in America: how a state-printed ballot reshaped parties, candidacy, and design
710. Most Americans favor restrictions on false information, violent content online
     pewresearch.org · source date 2023-07-20 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Misinformation

My Vote Forward sources M to N, part 72

My Vote Forward sources 711 to 720:

711. Mullin v. Al Otro Lado, No. 25-5 (U.S. Supreme Court)
     supremecourt.gov · source date 2026-06-25 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
712. Murthy v. Missouri
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2024-06-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Foreign interference: outside governments trying to shape another country’s vote
713. Murthy v. Missouri, No. 23-411
     supremecourt.gov · source date 2024-06-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Misinformation
714. Mutz, Is Deliberative Democracy a Falsifiable Theory?, ARPS 11
     doi.org · source date 2008 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Deliberation effects: what discussion changes, how it is measured, and what can go wrong in the measurement
715. NAACP v. Alabama ex rel. Patterson, 357 U.S. 449
     law.cornell.edu · source date 1958 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Can someone be punished for an opinion they share?
716. NAGB, Nation’s Report Card: Decline in Reading, Progress in Math
     nagb.gov · source date 2025-01-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Education: evidence
717. Narayanan and Shmatikov, IEEE S&P 2008
     doi.org · source date 2008 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Week 12: Identity, privacy, trust, and the capstone design review
718. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Securing the Vote: Protecting American Democracy, 2018. doi.org/10.17226/25120
     doi.org
     Cited on: Seminar guide
719. National Academies, Securing the Vote: New Report
     nationalacademies.org · source date 2018-09-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 18 ledger claims
     Cited on: Hard questions about My Vote Forward, The framework, Private voting, Intimidation, coercion, and vote buying, Security: three layers that must not be confused, Audits and verification: evidence without exposing the vote, Washington, D.C. 2010 internet voting test: a public trial that was breached, West Virginia’s mobile voting pilot: Voatz in 2018 and the security reviews that followed, Colorado’s risk-limiting audits: statistical evidence from paper ballots, Can someone in a household coerce a remote voter?, Why should anyone trust the operator of this framework?, What happens when the network or the system fails?, Is My Vote Forward an official voting service?, Audit: an independent check of whether a process produced a correct result, Risk-limiting audit: statistical evidence that the winner is right, Voter-verified paper record: the paper a voter can check before casting, Isn’t online voting insecure?
720. National Academies, Securing the Vote: Protecting American Democracy
     nationalacademies.org · source date 2018 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Seminar guide, Election technology: from lever machines to paper trails and voting system standards

My Vote Forward sources N to N, part 73

My Vote Forward sources 721 to 730:

721. National Archives, 14th Amendment
     archives.gov · source date 1868 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The census and apportionment: counting people to divide power
722. National Archives, 19th Amendment
     archives.gov · source date 1920-08-18 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Access and exclusion: who was kept from voting, and how
723. National Assessment Governing Board, Civics Framework for the 2018 NAEP
     nagb.gov · source date 2018 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: What the national civics test measures, and what it cannot
724. National Conference of State Legislatures, “Ranked Choice Voting,” updated March 23, 2026
     ncsl.org · source date March 23, 2026 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ranked-choice voting: ranking candidates and counting in rounds
725. National Conference of State Legislatures, “Recall of State Officials,” updated August 27, 2025
     ncsl.org · source date August 27, 2025 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Recall: removing an official before the term ends
726. National Conference of State Legislatures, “Risk-Limiting Audits,” updated September 6, 2024
     ncsl.org · source date September 6, 2024 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Risk-limiting audit: statistical evidence that the winner is right
727. National Research Council, The Growth of Incarceration in the United States (Summary)
     nationalacademies.org · source date 2014 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows
728. NATO, Defence expenditures and NATO’s 5% commitment
     nato.int · source date 2026-06-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: NATO · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Defense and foreign affairs, the evidence
729. NATO, The Hague Summit Declaration
     nato.int · source date 2025-06-25 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: NATO · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Defense and foreign affairs, Who decides defense and foreign affairs, Defense and foreign affairs, the evidence
730. Naturalization Statistics (USCIS)
     uscis.gov · source date 2025-01-24 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the evidence shows

My Vote Forward sources N to N, part 74

My Vote Forward sources 731 to 740:

731. NBC News
     nbcnews.com · source date 2022-08-31 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Alaska, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Alaska’s top-four primary and ranked-choice general election (2020 to present)
732. NBC News report of CBO estimate
     nbcnews.com · source date 2025-10-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Gridlock and legislative deadlock
733. NBER, Oregon Health Insurance Experiment
     nber.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Oregon, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Health and Care: what the evidence shows
734. NCES Fast Facts: Back-to-School Statistics
     nces.ed.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Education, Education: evidence
735. NCES Fast Facts: Charter Schools
     nces.ed.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Education, Education: evidence
736. NCES Statistical Standards, Chapter 4
     nces.ed.gov · source date 2012 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Small-group suppression: when a published number is too small to be safe or too small to be true
737. NCES, NAEP Achievement Levels
     nces.ed.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: What the national civics test measures, and what it cannot
738. NCES, NAEP Civics 2022 Highlights
     nationsreportcard.gov · source date n.d. (2022 assessment) · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national), United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: What the national civics test measures, and what it cannot, Civic education: what schools teach about self-government, and what it changes
739. NCES, NAEP Civics overview
     nces.ed.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: What the national civics test measures, and what it cannot
740. NCES, Public School Revenue Sources
     nces.ed.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Education: who decides

My Vote Forward sources N to N, part 75

My Vote Forward sources 741 to 750:

741. NCHS Data Brief 548, Mortality in the United States, 2024
     cdc.gov · source date 2026-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Health and Care: what the evidence shows
742. NCHS Data Presentation Standards for Proportions, Series 2 No. 175
     cdc.gov · source date 2017-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Survey sampling: how a few thousand answers can describe millions, and when they cannot, Small-group suppression: when a published number is too small to be safe or too small to be true
743. NCSL, Access to and Use of Voter Registration Lists
     ncsl.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Who can see my data in My Vote Forward?
744. NCSL, Automatic Voter Registration
     ncsl.org · source date 2026-08-19 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states), United States · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Ballot access: the practical steps between being eligible and casting a vote that counts, Unequal participation: who votes, who does not, and whether it changes what government does, Youth participation: why the youngest eligible voters vote least, and what changes it, Registration: entering an eligible person on the voter roll
745. NCSL, Certificate of Need State Laws
     ncsl.org · source date 2025-04-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Health and Care: who decides, Health and Care: what the evidence shows
746. NCSL, Changes to State Primary Elections Since 2000
     ncsl.org · source date 2026-05-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: WA, CA, AK · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Primary elections and the few who decide
747. NCSL, Initiative and Referendum Processes
     ncsl.org · source date 2025-11-24 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states), U.S. states, United States · 10 ledger claims
     Cited on: Proposals, Who decides government and rights, Agenda capture, Proposal: a specific plan for public action, Ballot item: a proposal or contest that has qualified for the ballot, Initiative: citizens propose a law and put it to a vote, Referendum: a question put directly to voters, Ballot measure: a question that appears on an official ballot, The initiative and referendum movement: how American states let voters write law
748. NCSL, Poll Watchers and Challengers
     ncsl.org · source date 2026-09-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Voter intimidation: pressure on voters and on the people who run elections
749. NCSL, Post-Election Audits
     ncsl.org · source date 2026-09-24 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states), United States · 5 ledger claims
     Cited on: Trust in elections: why confidence and accuracy are different problems, Ballot: the official instrument of a vote, Audit: an independent check of whether a process produced a correct result, Risk-limiting audit: statistical evidence that the winner is right, Chain of custody: a documented record of who held what, and when
750. NCSL, Preregistration for Young Voters
     ncsl.org · source date 2025-02-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Youth participation: why the youngest eligible voters vote least, and what changes it

My Vote Forward sources N to N, part 76

My Vote Forward sources 751 to 760:

751. NCSL, Prohibiting Private Funding of Elections
     ncsl.org · source date 2026-09-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Election administration funding: paying for the machinery of voting
752. NCSL, Right-to-Work Resources
     ncsl.org · source date 2023-12-19 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Economy and Work: who decides
753. NCSL, Same-Day Voter Registration
     ncsl.org · source date 2026-03-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Unequal participation: who votes, who does not, and whether it changes what government does
754. NCSL, State Primaries Toolkit
     ncsl.org · source date 2026-06-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Louisiana · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Primary elections and the few who decide
755. NCSL, State Primary Election Types
     ncsl.org · source date 2026-05-19 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (state law), United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Primary elections and the few who decide
756. NCSL, Straight-Ticket Voting
     ncsl.org · source date 2025-12-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The Australian ballot in America: how a state-printed ballot reshaped parties, candidacy, and design
757. NCSL, Table 18: States With All-Mail Elections
     ncsl.org · source date 2026-08-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Oregon vote by mail: the first all-mail state and what it measured
758. NCSL, Voter ID Laws
     ncsl.org · source date 2026-09-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ballot access: the practical steps between being eligible and casting a vote that counts
759. Neblo et al., Who Wants To Deliberate, APSR 104(3)
     doi.org · source date 2010 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Deliberation effects: what discussion changes, how it is measured, and what can go wrong in the measurement
760. Nemec et al., The Return of Coppersmith’s Attack, CCS 2017
     crocs.fi.muni.cz · source date 2017 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: International · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Estonia’s internet voting: twenty years of binding i-votes, re-voting and the security debate

My Vote Forward sources N to N, part 77

My Vote Forward sources 761 to 770:

761. NERC, 2025 Long-Term Reliability Assessment
     nerc.com · source date 2026-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: North America · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Environment and energy, Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
762. Neumark and Shirley, Myth or Measurement, NBER WP 28388
     nber.org · source date 2022-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Economy and Work, Economy and Work: evidence
763. New Jersey Constitution, Art. I para. 11
     njleg.state.nj.us · source date amended eff. 2017-01-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New Jersey · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides, Education: who decides
764. New York State Rifle & Pistol Assn. v. Bruen
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2022-06-23 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
765. Nextgov, West Virginia Scraps Voatz Mobile Voting App
     nextgov.com · source date 2020-03-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: West Virginia, United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: West Virginia’s mobile voting pilot: Voatz in 2018 and the security reviews that followed
766. Neyman, JRSS 97(4) 558-625
     api.openalex.org · source date 1934 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Public opinion polling: from straw votes to probability samples to the modern accuracy debate
767. Nez, Mouvements 74 (abstract via OpenAlex)
     doi.org · source date 2013 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: France (Paris) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Paris participatory budget: a decade of resident-chosen investment and its open questions
768. NFIB v. Sebelius, 567 U.S. 519
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2012-06-28 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Health and Care: who decides
769. NIC, Foreign Threats to the 2020 US Federal Elections, ICA 2020-00078D
     archive.dni.gov · source date 2021-03-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Foreign interference: outside governments trying to shape another country’s vote
770. Niessen and Reuchamps, Parliamentary Affairs 75(1)
     academic.oup.com · source date 2022-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: German-speaking Community of Belgium · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Ostbelgien’s permanent citizens’ dialogue (2019 to present), Broken feedback between elections: what officials hear when nobody is voting

My Vote Forward sources N to N, part 78

My Vote Forward sources 771 to 780:

771. NIJ, Five Things About Deterrence
     nij.ojp.gov · source date 2016-06-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows
772. Niskanen Center event transcript
     niskanencenter.org · source date 2019-01-02 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States / states · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Gridlock and legislative deadlock
773. NIST CMVP
     csrc.nist.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States and Canada · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Hardware: what devices can and cannot prove
774. NIST Computer Security Resource Center, Glossary, “identity” (definitions from SP 800-63-4, SP 800-63A-4, FIPS 201-3 and others)
     csrc.nist.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Identity: the attributes that describe a particular person
775. NIST Computer Security Resource Center, Glossary, “threat modeling” (from NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5)
     csrc.nist.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Threat model: a structured account of what could go wrong
776. NIST CSRC glossary, authentication (SP 800-63-4)
     csrc.nist.gov · source date 2025 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal guidance), United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Glossary, Authentication: proving control of an account
777. NIST CSRC glossary, identity proofing (SP 800-63-4)
     csrc.nist.gov · source date 2025 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal guidance), United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Glossary, Identity proofing: tying an account to a real person
778. NIST CSRC glossary, synthetic data generation (SP 800-188)
     csrc.nist.gov · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal guidance), United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Glossary, Synthetic data: artificial records made to resemble real data
779. NIST SP 800-161r1
     csrc.nist.gov · source date 2022-05 (updated 2024-11-01) · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Hardware: what devices can and cannot prove
780. NIST SP 800-193 Platform Firmware Resiliency Guidelines
     csrc.nist.gov · source date 2018-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Hardware: what devices can and cannot prove

My Vote Forward sources N to N, part 79

My Vote Forward sources 781 to 790:

781. NIST SP 800-63-4 Digital Identity Guidelines
     pages.nist.gov · source date 2025-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal guidance), United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Private voting, Identity, authentication, eligibility, and registration, Won’t bots and fake accounts flood a participation platform?
782. NIST SP 800-63A-4 and SP 800-63-4
     pages.nist.gov · source date 2025 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal guidance), United States · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Glossary, Identity, authentication, eligibility, and registration, Identity: the attributes that describe a particular person, Identity proofing: tying an account to a real person
783. NIST SP 800-63B-4 sec. 3.2.3; SP 800-63-4 sec. 2.3.1
     pages.nist.gov · source date 2025 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal guidance), United States · 10 ledger claims
     Cited on: Hard questions about My Vote Forward, Glossary, Security: three layers that must not be confused, Identity, authentication, eligibility, and registration, Hardware: what devices can and cannot prove, Does a fingerprint or face scan prove someone is eligible to vote?, Authentication: proving control of an account, Passkey: a phishing-resistant sign-in credential, Week 12: Identity, privacy, trust, and the capstone design review, Seminar guide
784. NIST, SP 800-63-4, Digital Identity Guidelines
     pages.nist.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Identity: the attributes that describe a particular person, Identity proofing: tying an account to a real person
785. NJ Civic Information Consortium, About
     njcivicinfo.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New Jersey · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The collapse of local news
786. NOAA, 2024 was the world’s warmest year on record
     noaa.gov · source date 2025-01-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: global · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Environment and energy, Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
787. Nosek et al., The preregistration revolution, PNAS 115(11)
     doi.org · source date 2018 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Replication and preregistration: how social science checks itself, and how a civic platform can too
788. NPR via KUNC, Colorado Launches First-In-The-Nation Post-Election Audits
     kunc.org · source date 2017-11-22 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Colorado, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Colorado’s risk-limiting audits: statistical evidence from paper ballots
789. NPS, Declaration of Sentiments
     nps.gov · source date 1848 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Women’s suffrage: how half the adult population won the vote, and what changed after
790. NPS, Report of the Woman’s Rights Convention
     nps.gov · source date 1848 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Women’s suffrage: how half the adult population won the vote, and what changed after

My Vote Forward sources N to O, part 80

My Vote Forward sources 791 to 800:

791. NTIA, BEAD Program
     ntia.gov · source date 2026 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Infrastructure and Transport: who decides, Infrastructure and Transport: what the evidence shows
792. NY Attorney General press release
     ag.ny.gov · source date 2026-03-19 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides
793. NY OAG: Fake Comments report
     ag.ny.gov · source date 2021-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal rulemaking), United States (New York AG investigation of FCC proceeding), United States · 11 ledger claims
     Cited on: Collective priorities: how individual rankings become a group picture, and what that picture cannot say, Can wealthy or organized groups dominate a priority-setting system?, Who funds My Vote Forward, and could money shape it?, Broken feedback between elections: what officials hear when nobody is voting, Detecting coordinated campaigns: text similarity, timing, networks, and the base-rate problem
794. NYC Civic Engagement Commission, About
     nyc.gov · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New York City · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: New York City participatory budgeting: council districts, The People’s Money and what the evidence shows
795. NYC Civic Engagement Commission, home
     nyc.gov · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New York City · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: New York City participatory budgeting: council districts, The People’s Money and what the evidence shows
796. NYC Council, FY 2027 PB results press release
     council.nyc.gov · source date 2026-05-22 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New York City · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: New York City participatory budgeting: council districts, The People’s Money and what the evidence shows
797. NYC Council, Participatory Budgeting
     council.nyc.gov · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New York City, New York City, United States · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: New York City participatory budgeting: council districts, The People’s Money and what the evidence shows, Resource allocation: dividing a fixed amount across items, Participatory budgeting: residents decide part of a public budget
798. NZ Law Society, End of Life Choice Bill read a third time
     lawsociety.org.nz · source date 2019-11-14 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New Zealand · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: New Zealand’s 2020 referendums on end of life choice and cannabis
799. Ober, Democracy and Knowledge, Princeton UP
     press.princeton.edu · source date 2008 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Athenian democracy: lot, assembly, and the limits of the first citizen government
800. Ober, The Athenian Revolution of 508/7 B.C.
     api.openalex.org · source date 2004 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Athens (ancient) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Athenian democracy: lot, assembly, and the limits of the first citizen government

My Vote Forward sources O to O, part 81

My Vote Forward sources 801 to 810:

801. ODIHR, Estonia Parliamentary Elections 3 March 2019, EET Final Report
     odihr.osce.org · source date 2019-06-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Estonia (national) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Estonia’s internet voting: twenty years of binding i-votes, re-voting and the security debate
802. ODIHR, Estonia Parliamentary Elections 5 March 2023, EET Final Report
     odihr.osce.org · source date 2023-08-30 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Estonia (national) · 12 ledger claims
     Cited on: Estonia’s internet voting: twenty years of binding i-votes, re-voting and the security debate
803. ODIHR, Opinion on the Regulation of Internet Voting, Estonia
     odihr.osce.org · source date 2025-06-17 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Estonia (national) · 9 ledger claims
     Cited on: Estonia’s internet voting: twenty years of binding i-votes, re-voting and the security debate
804. OECD
     api.openalex.org · source date 2020-06-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: International · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The deliberative democracy movement: from a theory of legitimacy to citizens’ assemblies
805. OECD Evaluation Guidelines for Representative Deliberative Processes
     newdemocracy.com.au · source date 2021 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: international (OECD) · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Evaluation
806. OECD Guidelines on Measuring Trust
     doi.org · source date 2017-11 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: OECD · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Measuring trust: what survey trust items capture, how reliable they are, and how to tell trust from partisanship
807. OECD OPSI, Better Reykjavik case entry
     oecd-opsi.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Reykjavik, Iceland · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Better Reykjavik and My Neighborhood: a city’s standing channel for resident ideas
808. Office of the Lieutenant Governor of Alaska
     ltgov.alaska.gov · source date 2024-12-11 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Alaska, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Alaska’s top-four primary and ranked-choice general election (2020 to present)
809. Official Declaration of the Vote Results on State Ballot Measure
     elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov · source date 2025-11-04 election · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: California · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Gerrymandering
810. OGP IRM, Assessment of Madrid’s 2018-2021 Action Plan
     transparencia.madrid.es · source date 2022 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Madrid, Spain · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Decide Madrid: citizen proposals, a city vote and a short-lived sortition body, Cases: what real participation systems achieved, and where they failed

My Vote Forward sources O to O, part 82

My Vote Forward sources 811 to 820:

811. Online News Act, S.C. 2023, c. 23
     laws-lois.justice.gc.ca · source date 2023-06-22 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Canada · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The collapse of local news
812. Online opt-in polls can produce misleading results (Pew)
     pewresearch.org · source date 2024-03-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: US, United States (survey research), United States · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Measurement, Opt-in sample: people who chose to take part, Won’t bots and fake accounts flood a participation platform?, Why should anyone trust a published release?
813. OPB, Oregon DMV voter registration error reporting
     opb.org · source date 2024-10-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Oregon · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Oregon vote by mail: the first all-mail state and what it measured
814. Open Science Collaboration, Science 349(6251)
     doi.org · source date 2015 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Replication and preregistration: how social science checks itself, and how a civic platform can too
815. Opinion of the Justices, OJ-17-1
     caselaw.findlaw.com · source date 2017-05-23 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Maine, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Maine’s ranked-choice voting (2016 to present)
816. Oregon HB 2001 (2019) overview
     olis.oregonlegislature.gov · source date 2019 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Oregon · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Housing and Communities: who decides, Housing and Communities: what the evidence shows
817. Oregon Legislative Fiscal Office, Issue Review: Oregon Vote by Mail
     oregonlegislature.gov · source date 2020-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Oregon, United States · 13 ledger claims
     Cited on: Oregon vote by mail: the first all-mail state and what it measured, Cases: what real participation systems achieved, and where they failed
818. Oregon Secretary of State press release, Supreme Court protects Oregon voters’ right to have ballots counted
     apps.oregon.gov · source date 2026-06-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Oregon · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Oregon vote by mail: the first all-mail state and what it measured
819. Oregon Secretary of State, Oregon Vote-by-Mail timeline
     sos.oregon.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Oregon · 5 ledger claims
     Cited on: Oregon vote by mail: the first all-mail state and what it measured
820. Oregon Secretary of State, Voter Turnout History: General Election
     sos.oregon.gov · source date 2025-09-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Oregon · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Oregon vote by mail: the first all-mail state and what it measured

My Vote Forward sources O to P, part 83

My Vote Forward sources 821 to 830:

821. OSCE/ODIHR, Norway Parliamentary Elections 9 September 2013, Election Assessment Mission Final Report
     osce.org · source date 2013-12-16 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Norway · 16 ledger claims
     Cited on: Norway’s internet voting trials: 2011 and 2013
822. OSCE/ODIHR, Norway’s internet voting pilot project held in an open manner (news release on 2011 final report)
     odihr.osce.org · source date 2012-03-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Norway · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Norway’s internet voting trials: 2011 and 2013
823. Osentoski, Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review 56(2)
     digitalcommons.lmu.edu · source date 2023 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: California, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: California’s statewide initiative process
824. Otago Daily Times, Reeferendum up in smoke
     odt.co.nz · source date 2020-11-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New Zealand · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: New Zealand’s 2020 referendums on end of life choice and cannabis
825. Otago Daily Times, Referendum: Euthanasia bill passes final hurdle
     odt.co.nz · source date 2019-11-13 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New Zealand · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: New Zealand’s 2020 referendums on end of life choice and cannabis
826. Pacheco et al., Uncovering Coordinated Networks on Social Media, ICWSM 15
     arxiv.org · source date 2021 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Detecting coordinated campaigns: text similarity, timing, networks, and the base-rate problem
827. Pacific States Tel. and Tel. Co. v. Oregon, 223 U.S. 118
     law.cornell.edu · source date 1912-02-19 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, Oregon · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The initiative and referendum movement: how American states let voters write law
828. Page and Shapiro, APSR 77(1)
     doi.org · source date 1983 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Week 1: Democracy between elections, and what officials actually hear
829. Paris Data, Budget participatif: Les projets lauréats
     opendata.paris.fr · source date 2026-10-23 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: France (Paris) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Paris participatory budget: a decade of resident-chosen investment and its open questions
830. Paris Data, Nombre de votants au budget participatif
     opendata.paris.fr · source date 2026-09-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: France (Paris) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Paris participatory budget: a decade of resident-chosen investment and its open questions

My Vote Forward sources P to P, part 84

My Vote Forward sources 831 to 840:

831. Park et al., J Cybersecurity 7(1)
     doi.org · source date 2021 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Week 11: Election security, internet voting, and evidence-based elections
832. Parliament of the German-speaking Community, Schriftenreihe Band 23, Auswertung 2019-2024
     static.buergerdialog.be · source date 2025-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: German-speaking Community of Belgium · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Ostbelgien’s permanent citizens’ dialogue (2019 to present)
833. Participatory Budgeting Project, About PB
     participatorybudgeting.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: International, Brazil; international, international · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Participation between elections: referendums, consultation, and participatory budgeting, Resource allocation: dividing a fixed amount across items, Participatory budgeting: residents decide part of a public budget, Public budget blindness: deciding priorities without seeing what things cost
834. Participatory Budgeting Project, What is PB
     participatorybudgeting.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: General · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: What if most people never participate?, Is My Vote Forward just a poll with extra steps?
835. Participedia, Constitutional Assembly (Iceland)
     participedia.net · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Iceland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Iceland’s crowdsourced constitution: an open drafting process that stalled in parliament
836. Persson, Esaiasson, Gilljam, The effects of direct voting and deliberation on legitimacy beliefs, EPSR
     gup.ub.gu.se · source date 2012 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: study site not stated in abstract (University of Gothenburg authors) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Evaluation
837. Peters and Hogwood, In Search of the Issue-Attention Cycle, JOP 47(1)
     doi.org · source date 1985 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Priority versus salience: why “the most important problem” is not the same as what matters most
838. Peterson-KFF Health System Tracker, How does health spending in the U.S. compare
     healthsystemtracker.org · source date 2026-03-11 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States and OECD peers · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Health and Care: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Health and Care: what the evidence shows
839. Pew Research Center, 2012 Republican primary voters more conservative than GOP general election voters
     pewresearch.org · source date 2016-01-28 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Primary elections and the few who decide
840. Pew Research Center, 2024 validated voters analysis
     pewresearch.org · source date 2025-06-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (adult citizens) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Unequal participation: who votes, who does not, and whether it changes what government does

My Vote Forward sources P to P, part 85

My Vote Forward sources 841 to 850:

841. Pew Research Center, About
     pewresearch.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Who funds My Vote Forward, and could money shape it?
842. Pew Research Center, Americans See Health Care Costs, Deficit, Inflation as Big Problems Facing the Nation
     pewresearch.org · source date 2026-05-11 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure
843. Pew Research Center, Americans’ Shifting Views on Energy Sources, Policy in 2026
     pewresearch.org · source date 2026-04-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Environment and energy
844. Pew Research Center, Americans’ Top Policy Priority for 2024
     pewresearch.org · source date 2024-02-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, United States (national) · 5 ledger claims
     Cited on: Subjects: ten provisional areas of public life, Health and Care: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Education, Economy and Work, Infrastructure and Transport: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure
845. Pew Research Center, Americans’ Use of Internet, Broadband in 2026
     pewresearch.org · source date 2026-10-19 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Doesn’t an online participation framework favor the tech-savvy?, What about people without internet access?
846. Pew Research Center, As Partisan Hostility Grows, Signs of Frustration With the Two-Party System
     pewresearch.org · source date 2022-08-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national adults) · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Polarization: when disagreement turns into distrust of the other side
847. Pew Research Center, As the 2026 Midterms Approach, Economy Is Front and Center
     pewresearch.org · source date 2026-07-23 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Education, Economy and Work
848. Pew Research Center, Attitudes on Same-Sex Marriage fact sheet
     pewresearch.org · source date 2019 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: What happens when someone changes their position?
849. Pew Research Center, Comparing Two Types of Online Survey Samples
     pewresearch.org · source date 2023-09-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Survey sampling: how a few thousand answers can describe millions, and when they cannot, Opt-in panels: the mathematics of self-selection and the limits of adjustment
850. Pew Research Center, Little Public Support for Reductions in Federal Spending
     pewresearch.org · source date 2019-04-11 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Public budget blindness: deciding priorities without seeing what things cost

My Vote Forward sources P to P, part 86

My Vote Forward sources 851 to 860:

851. Pew Research Center, More Americans now say government should take steps to restrict false information online than in 2018
     pewresearch.org · source date 2021-08-18 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Government and rights, Government and rights, the evidence
852. Pew Research Center, Most Americans say government has a responsibility to ensure health care coverage
     pewresearch.org · source date 2025-12-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Health and Care: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure
853. Pew Research Center, No Easy Fix for Bogus Respondents in Online Opt-In Polls (methodology)
     pewresearch.org · source date 2026-08-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, United States (survey methods) · 5 ledger claims
     Cited on: Hard questions about My Vote Forward, Can wealthy or organized groups dominate a priority-setting system?, What if most people never participate?, Is My Vote Forward just a poll with extra steps?, Won’t bots and fake accounts flood a participation platform?
854. Pew Research Center, Political Polarization in the American Public
     pewresearch.org · source date 2014-06-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national adults), United States · 5 ledger claims
     Cited on: Polarization: when disagreement turns into distrust of the other side, Won’t a participation platform make polarization worse?
855. Pew Research Center, public trust in government trend page
     pewresearch.org · source date 2025-12-04 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Government and rights, Government and rights, the evidence
856. Pew Research Center, Public Trust in Government: 1958-2025
     pewresearch.org · source date 2025-12-04 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Measuring trust: what survey trust items capture, how reliable they are, and how to tell trust from partisanship
857. Pew Research Center, Republicans have become less likely to say NATO membership benefits the US
     pewresearch.org · source date 2026-04-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Defense and foreign affairs, Defense and foreign affairs, the evidence
858. Pew Research Center, Satisfaction with democracy has declined in recent years in high-income nations
     pewresearch.org · source date 2024-06-18 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: 31 countries · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Government and rights, the evidence
859. Pew Research Center, The American Trends Panel
     pewresearch.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Survey sampling: how a few thousand answers can describe millions, and when they cannot
860. Pew Research Center, Turnout in 2022 House midterms declined from 2018 high
     pewresearch.org · source date 2023-03-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Primary elections and the few who decide, Problems

My Vote Forward sources P to P, part 87

My Vote Forward sources 861 to 870:

861. Pew Research Center, voters’ evaluations of the 2024 election process
     pewresearch.org · source date 2024-12-04 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (adults; self-reported voters) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Trust in elections: why confidence and accuracy are different problems
862. Pew Research Center, What Are Americans’ Top Foreign Policy Priorities?
     pewresearch.org · source date 2024-04-23 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Defense and foreign affairs, Defense and foreign affairs, the evidence
863. Pew Research Center, With Americans in a Sour Mood, Democratic Voters Are More Engaged in Midterms
     pewresearch.org · source date 2026-10-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Environment and energy
864. Pew Research Center, Writing Survey Questions
     pewresearch.org · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, US, general, not applicable, United States (survey methods), United States (survey research) · 43 ledger claims
     Cited on: Seminar guide, Question design, Opinion and choice, Evaluation, Start here, Priorities, Opinions, Consent: specific, revocable, and never a key to the ballot, Published releases: scheduled, reviewed, and the same for everyone, Governance: who decides, and how they answer for it, Subjects: ten provisional areas of public life, Agenda capture, Who chooses the ten subjects, and why should anyone accept that list?, What happens when someone changes their position?, Is My Vote Forward just a poll with extra steps?, Opinion: a stated view on a worded question, Priority: a judgment of what deserves attention first, Proposal: a specific plan for public action, Agenda-setting: shaping which issues get attention, Salience: how prominent an issue is in attention, Referendum: a question put directly to voters, Ballot measure: a question that appears on an official ballot, Why separate an opinion from a vote?, Can public priorities be manipulated by media?, Who writes the questions, and how is wording kept fair?, Week 6: Measuring public opinion: attitudes, samples, and nonresponse
865. Pew, Americans’ Changing Relationship With Local News
     pewresearch.org · source date 2024-05-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The collapse of local news
866. Pew, Americans’ Dismal Views of the Nation’s Politics
     pewresearch.org · source date 2023-09-19 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 7 ledger claims
     Cited on: Gridlock and legislative deadlock, Government and rights, Government and rights, the evidence, Problems, Money in politics
867. Pew, Congress has long struggled to pass spending bills on time
     pewresearch.org · source date 2025-10-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Gridlock and legislative deadlock, Problems
868. Pew, Finding 60 votes in an evenly divided Senate
     pewresearch.org · source date 2022-08-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States Senate · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Gridlock and legislative deadlock
869. Pew, U.S. newsroom employment has fallen 26% since 2008
     pewresearch.org · source date 2021-07-13 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The collapse of local news
870. Plackett, The Analysis of Permutations, JRSS C 24(2)
     doi.org · source date 1975 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ranked preferences: statistical models for lists of what matters most

My Vote Forward sources P to P, part 88

My Vote Forward sources 871 to 880:

871. Plato, Republic, tr. Jowett, Book VIII
     classics.mit.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Athens (ancient) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Athenian democracy: lot, assembly, and the limits of the first citizen government
872. Plyler v. Doe (LII)
     law.cornell.edu · source date 1982-06-15 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
873. PoliticsHome
     politicshome.com · source date 2019-07-19 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum
874. Portland Press Herald, Mainers vote to keep ranked-choice voting
     pressherald.com · source date 2018-06-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Maine, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Maine’s ranked-choice voting (2016 to present)
875. Prefeitura de Porto Alegre, Assembleias do OP ocorrem a partir de outubro
     prefeitura.poa.br · source date 2022-08-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Porto Alegre, Brazil · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Porto Alegre participatory budgeting: the original model, its peak and its long decline, Cases: what real participation systems achieved, and where they failed
876. Prefeitura de Porto Alegre, Orçamento Participativo
     prefeitura.poa.br · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Porto Alegre, Brazil · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Porto Alegre participatory budgeting: the original model, its peak and its long decline, What about people without internet access?
877. Prefeitura de Porto Alegre, Orçamento real é defendido em assembleia temática do OP
     prefeitura.poa.br · source date 2019-10-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Porto Alegre, Brazil · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Porto Alegre participatory budgeting: the original model, its peak and its long decline
878. Presidential Determination on Refugee Admissions for FY2024 (GovInfo)
     govinfo.gov · source date 2023-09-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
879. Presidential Determination on Refugee Admissions for FY2027 (No. 2026-24)
     public-inspection.federalregister.gov · source date 2026-09-25 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
880. Press Forward, About
     pressforward.news · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The collapse of local news

My Vote Forward sources P to P, part 89

My Vote Forward sources 881 to 890:

881. Preventing Regulatory Capture: Introduction
     tobinproject.org · source date 2014 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Theory, mainly United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Agenda capture
882. Prime Minister’s letter to Donald Tusk
     gov.uk · source date 2017-03-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum
883. Princeton University Press, Democracy for Realists
     press.princeton.edu · source date 2017 (paperback) · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Seminar guide
884. Princeton University Press, Open Democracy
     press.princeton.edu · source date 2020 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Week 8: Deliberation, sortition, and mini-publics
885. Printz v. United States (LII)
     law.cornell.edu · source date 1997-06-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
886. Psychological inoculation improves resilience against misinformation on social media
     doi.org · source date 2022-08-24 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States and online samples · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Misinformation
887. Public Financing of Campaigns: Overview
     ncsl.org · source date 2025-09-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Money in politics
888. Public funding of presidential elections
     fec.gov · source date n.d. (2024 figures) · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Money in politics
889. Public Inquiry into Foreign Interference (Canada)
     foreigninterferencecommission.ca · source date 2025-01-28 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Canada · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Foreign interference: outside governments trying to shape another country’s vote
890. Public Interest Organizations’ Request for Rehearing, Order 202-25-7
     energy.gov · source date 2025-09-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Environment and energy: what the evidence shows

My Vote Forward sources P to R, part 90

My Vote Forward sources 891 to 900:

891. Public Law 107-40 (2001 AUMF)
     congress.gov · source date 2001-09-18 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Who decides defense and foreign affairs
892. Public Law 113-3
     govinfo.gov · source date 2013-02-04 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Gridlock and legislative deadlock
893. Public Law 117-58
     govinfo.gov · source date 2021-11-15 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Infrastructure and Transport: who decides, Infrastructure and Transport: what the evidence shows
894. Public Law 119-16
     govinfo.gov · source date 2025-06-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides
895. Public Sénat, Environnement dans la Constitution
     publicsenat.fr · source date 2021-05-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: France · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: France’s Citizens’ Convention for Climate (2019 to 2021)
896. R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the EU [2017] UKSC 5
     supremecourt.uk · source date 2017-01-24 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Participation between elections: referendums, consultation, and participatory budgeting, The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum
897. R (Miller) v The Prime Minister [2019] UKSC 41 press summary
     caselaw.nationalarchives.gov.uk · source date 2019-09-24 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum
898. Ralph Allan Bradley and Milton E. Terry, “Rank Analysis of Incomplete Block Designs: I. The Method of Paired Comparisons,” Biometrika 39(3/4), 1952, beginning p. 324. DOI 10.2307/2334029, record via O
     doi.org
     Cited on: Ranked preferences: statistical models for lists of what matters most
899. RAND, The Challenges of Defining and Measuring Defensive Gun Use
     rand.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows
900. RAND, What Science Tells Us About the Effects of Gun Policies
     rand.org · source date 2026-01-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows

My Vote Forward sources R to R, part 91

My Vote Forward sources 901 to 910:

901. Rank, No Experiments, International Reports 4/2022
     kas.de · source date 2022-12-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Chile · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Chile’s constitutional processes (2020 to 2023)
902. Redistricting Commissions for Congressional Districts (CRS IN11053)
     everycrsreport.com · source date 2026-03-04 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states), United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Gerrymandering
903. Reed, Reevaluating the Vote Market Hypothesis, Social Science History 38(3-4)
     cambridge.org · source date 2014 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The secret ballot: how private voting became a public safeguard
904. Reference by the Lord Advocate [2022] UKSC 31
     caselaw.nationalarchives.gov.uk · source date 2022-11-23 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Scotland, United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2014 Scottish independence referendum
905. Referendum Act (Taiwan), English text, amended 2025-12-03
     law.moj.gov.tw · source date 2025-12-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Taiwan · 7 ledger claims
     Cited on: Taiwan’s referendums, 2018 to 2021: lower thresholds, crowded ballots, and a calendar fight
906. Referendum Act legislative history
     law.moj.gov.tw · source date 2025-12-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Taiwan · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Taiwan’s referendums, 2018 to 2021: lower thresholds, crowded ballots, and a calendar fight
907. Referendum Commission, 34th Amendment (Marriage Equality) 2015 result
     referendum.ie · source date 2015 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ireland’s citizens’ assemblies: randomly selected citizens before national votes
908. Reg Baker, Stephen J. Blumberg, J. Michael Brick, Mick P. Couper, and coauthors, “Research Synthesis: AAPOR Report on Online Panels,” Public Opinion Quarterly 74(4), 2010, 711 to 781. doi.org/10.1093/
     doi.org
     Cited on: Week 6: Measuring public opinion: attitudes, samples, and nonresponse
909. Regulation (EU) 2016/679, Art. 4(11) (reproduced at gdpr-info.eu)
     gdpr-info.eu · source date 2016-04-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: European Union · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Glossary, Consent: specific, revocable, and never a key to the ballot, Consent: agreement to a specific use of information
910. Rehfeld, Journal of Politics 68(1)
     doi.org · source date 2006 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Week 2: What it means to represent someone

My Vote Forward sources R to R, part 92

My Vote Forward sources 911 to 920:

911. Reitman v. Mulkey, 387 U.S. 369
     law.cornell.edu · source date 1967-05-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, California · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Tyranny of the majority: when the larger number decides what the smaller number may do
912. Report of the AAPOR Task Force on Non-Probability Sampling
     aapor.org · source date 2013-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: general, United States (survey research), n/a · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Measurement, Opt-in sample: people who chose to take part, Weighting: adjusting a sample to match a population, Week 6: Measuring public opinion: attitudes, samples, and nonresponse
913. Representation of the People (Equal Franchise) Act 1928, c. 12
     legislation.gov.uk · source date 1928-07-02 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Women’s suffrage: how half the adult population won the vote, and what changed after
914. Representation of the People Act 1918, c. 64
     legislation.gov.uk · source date 1918-02-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Women’s suffrage: how half the adult population won the vote, and what changed after
915. Reshares on social media amplify political news but do not detectably affect beliefs or opinions
     doi.org · source date 2023-07-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (Facebook), United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Misinformation, Week 7: Agenda power: who decides what the public is asked about
916. Response rates in telephone surveys have resumed their decline (Pew)
     pewresearch.org · source date 2019-02-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: US, United States (survey research), United States · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Measurement, Weighting: adjusting a sample to match a population, Nonresponse bias: when those who answer differ from those who do not, Broken feedback between elections: what officials hear when nobody is voting
917. Reyes-Housholder, Suárez-Cao, Arce-Riffo, PS: Political Science & Politics 57(2)
     cambridge.org · source date 2024-04 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Chile · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Chile’s constitutional processes (2020 to 2023)
918. Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U.S. 533
     law.cornell.edu · source date 1964-06-15 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, Alabama · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The census and apportionment: counting people to divide power
919. RFC 6962, Certificate Transparency
     rfc-editor.org · source date 2013-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: International (IETF) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Why should anyone trust the operator of this framework?
920. Rhode Island RLA Working Group, RLA pilot study, Brennan Center
     brennancenter.org · source date 2019-09-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Rhode Island · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Trust in elections: why confidence and accuracy are different problems

My Vote Forward sources R to S, part 93

My Vote Forward sources 921 to 930:

921. Romer v. Evans, 517 U.S. 620
     law.cornell.edu · source date 1996-05-20 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, Colorado, United States (federal) · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Tyranny of the majority: when the larger number decides what the smaller number may do, Does a majority decide anyone’s rights in this framework?
922. Royo, Pina and Garcia-Rayado, Decide Madrid: A Critical Analysis of an Award-Winning e-Participation Initiative, Sustainability 12(4)
     ideas.repec.org · source date 2020-02-24 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Madrid, Spain · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Decide Madrid: citizen proposals, a city vote and a short-lived sortition body
923. Rucho v. Common Cause, No. 18-422
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2019-06-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Gerrymandering
924. Rusk, APSR 64(4)
     doi.org · source date 1970 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Week 4: The secret ballot and the history of who may vote
925. Saad, Abortion Remains a Potent Issue for Pro-Choice Voters, Gallup
     news.gallup.com · source date 2023-06-21 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Single-issue mobilization: when the most intense voters outweigh the largest number
926. Sabin Center, Widespread Local Opposition... Continues to Hamper Renewable Energy Development
     blogs.law.columbia.edu · source date 2026-09-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Environment and energy, Environment and energy: who decides, Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
927. SAMHSA press release, 2024 NSDUH
     samhsa.gov · source date 2025-07-28 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Health and Care: what the evidence shows
928. San Antonio ISD v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 1
     law.cornell.edu · source date 1973-03-21 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Education: who decides
929. Sawer, Inventing the Nation Through the Ballot Box, Papers on Parliament No. 37
     aph.gov.au · source date 2001-09-21 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Australia; United Kingdom · 6 ledger claims
     Cited on: The secret ballot: how private voting became a public safeguard
930. Schleicher, OECD, Education at a Glance 2025: United States (presentation)
     hoover-s3-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com · source date 2025-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States / OECD · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Education, Education: evidence

My Vote Forward sources S to S, part 94

My Vote Forward sources 931 to 940:

931. Schulhofer-Wohl and Garrido, NBER w14817
     nber.org · source date 2009-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Cincinnati area, Kentucky suburbs · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The collapse of local news
932. Sciarini et al., The Underexplored Species, SPSR 22(1)
     archive-ouverte.unige.ch · source date 2016 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (federal) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Switzerland’s direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
933. Scotland Act 1998 (Modification of Schedule 5) Order 2013
     legislation.gov.uk · source date 2013-02-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Scotland, United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2014 Scottish independence referendum
934. Scotland Act 2016 s.1
     legislation.gov.uk · source date 2016 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Scotland, United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2014 Scottish independence referendum
935. Scott Wolchok, Eric Wustrow, Dawn Isabel, and J. Alex Halderman, “Attacking the Washington, D.C. Internet Voting System,” Financial Cryptography and Data Security 2012, Lecture Notes in Computer Scien
     doi.org
     Cited on: Week 11: Election security, internet voting, and evidence-based elections
936. Scottish Independence Referendum (Franchise) Act 2013 s.2
     legislation.gov.uk · source date 2013 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Scotland, United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2014 Scottish independence referendum
937. Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013 Explanatory Notes
     legislation.gov.uk · source date 2013 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Scotland, United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2014 Scottish independence referendum
938. Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013 s.1
     legislation.gov.uk · source date 2013 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Scotland, United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2014 Scottish independence referendum
939. SECO, Erläuternder Bericht Ausführungsbestimmungen zur Änderung des Ausländergesetzes vom 16. Dezember 2016
     newsd.admin.ch · source date 2017-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (federal) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Switzerland’s direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
940. Securing the Vote, NASEM
     nap.nationalacademies.org · source date 2018 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Week 11: Election security, internet voting, and evidence-based elections

My Vote Forward sources S to S, part 95

My Vote Forward sources 941 to 950:

941. SEM, Stellenmeldepflicht
     sem.admin.ch · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (federal) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Switzerland’s direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
942. Sen, JPE 78(1)
     doi.org · source date 1970 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Week 5: Adding up preferences: social choice and its limits
943. Seven County Infrastructure Coalition v. Eagle County (LII)
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2025-05-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides
944. Seventh Annual Report on the Implementation of the Scotland Act 2016, CP 846
     assets.publishing.service.gov.uk · source date 2023-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Scotland, United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2014 Scottish independence referendum
945. Shelby County v. Holder, 570 U.S. 529
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2013-06-25 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 5 ledger claims
     Cited on: Access and exclusion: who was kept from voting, and how, Who decides government and rights, Unequal participation: who votes, who does not, and whether it changes what government does, Week 4: The secret ballot and the history of who may vote
946. Shifting attention to accuracy can reduce misinformation online
     doi.org · source date 2021-03-17 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Misinformation
947. Sides, Special interests and off-year elections (Monkey Cage)
     goodauthority.org · source date 2011-06-24 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Single-issue mobilization: when the most intense voters outweigh the largest number
948. Sihotang, Public Management Review 26(11) (abstract via OpenAlex)
     doi.org · source date 2023 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New York City · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: New York City participatory budgeting: council districts, The People’s Money and what the evidence shows
949. Silberzahn et al., Many Analysts, One Data Set, AMPPS 1(3)
     doi.org · source date 2018 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Replication and preregistration: how social science checks itself, and how a civic platform can too
950. Simmons, Nelson, Simonsohn, Psychological Science 22(11)
     doi.org · source date 2011 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Replication and preregistration: how social science checks itself, and how a civic platform can too

My Vote Forward sources S to S, part 96

My Vote Forward sources 951 to 960:

951. Small et al., Polis: Scaling Deliberation by Mapping High Dimensional Opinion Spaces, Recerca 26(2)
     e-revistes.uji.es · source date 2021-07-22 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Taiwan (national) · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: vTaiwan: how a civic tech community built an open consultation process for national rules
952. Solove, Privacy Self-Management and the Consent Dilemma, 126 Harv. L. Rev. 1880
     harvardlawreview.org · source date 2013 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: not applicable · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Consent: specific, revocable, and never a key to the ballot
953. Sónia Gonçalves, “The Effects of Participatory Budgeting on Municipal Expenditures and Infant Mortality in Brazil,” World Development 53, 94 to 110 (published online 2013). doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.
     doi.org
     Cited on: Week 10: Participatory budgeting and the ladder of participation
954. Southwest Land Border Encounters (CBP)
     cbp.gov · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the evidence shows
955. Specter, Koppel and Weitzner, Security Analysis of Voatz
     internetpolicy.mit.edu · source date 2020 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (research) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Is My Vote Forward an official voting service?
956. Specter, Koppel, Weitzner, The Ballot is Busted Before the Blockchain, USENIX Security 2020
     usenix.org · source date 2020-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (West Virginia) · 9 ledger claims
     Cited on: West Virginia’s mobile voting pilot: Voatz in 2018 and the security reviews that followed
957. SpeechNow.org v. FEC
     fec.gov · source date 2010-03-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (D.C. Circuit) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Money in politics
958. Springall et al., CCS 2014
     doi.org · source date 2014 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Estonia · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Week 11: Election security, internet voting, and evidence-based elections
959. Springall et al., Security Analysis of the Estonian Internet Voting System, CCS 2014
     estoniaevoting.org · source date 2014-11 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Estonia (national) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Estonia’s internet voting: twenty years of binding i-votes, re-voting and the security debate
960. Squire, Why the 1936 Literary Digest Poll Failed, POQ 52(1)
     academic.oup.com · source date 1988 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (research) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: What if most people never participate?

My Vote Forward sources S to S, part 97

My Vote Forward sources 961 to 970:

961. Squire, Why the 1936 Literary Digest Poll Failed, POQ 52(1)
     api.openalex.org · source date 1988 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Public opinion polling: from straw votes to probability samples to the modern accuracy debate
962. Stanford Center for Deliberative Democracy, What is Deliberative Polling?
     deliberation.stanford.edu · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: General / South Korea example, General (research method), General (not jurisdiction-specific), international, n/a · 9 ledger claims
     Cited on: Opinions, What happens when someone changes their position?, What if most people never participate?, Is My Vote Forward just a poll with extra steps?, Deliberation: reasoned discussion before a decision, Deliberative poll: a random sample surveyed before and after deliberating, Deliberation effects: what discussion changes, how it is measured, and what can go wrong in the measurement, Week 8: Deliberation, sortition, and mini-publics, The deliberative democracy movement: from a theory of legitimacy to citizens’ assemblies
963. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, “Democracy,” first published July 27, 2006, substantive revision June 18, 2024
     plato.stanford.edu · source date July 27, 2006 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: General (not jurisdiction-specific), n/a · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Deliberation: reasoned discussion before a decision, Deliberative poll: a random sample surveyed before and after deliberating, Sortition: selecting public decision-makers by lot, Athenian democracy: lot, assembly, and the limits of the first citizen government
964. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Arrow’s Theorem
     plato.stanford.edu · source date 2025-12-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: General (formal theory), General (not jurisdiction-specific) · 6 ledger claims
     Cited on: The framework, Priorities, Ranking: an ordering from most to least important, Ranked-choice voting: ranking candidates and counting in rounds
965. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Political Representation
     plato.stanford.edu · source date 2026-06-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: General (political theory), General (not jurisdiction-specific), n/a (theory) · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Representation, Representation: acting on behalf of others, Why not just call your representative?, Does My Vote Forward replace elected officials?
966. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, The Ethics and Rationality of Voting
     plato.stanford.edu · source date 2025-02-21 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a (philosophy) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Unequal participation: who votes, who does not, and whether it changes what government does
967. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Social Choice Theory (List)
     plato.stanford.edu · source date 2022-10-14 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a (theory), none, General (not jurisdiction-specific), n/a · 14 ledger claims
     Cited on: Collective priorities: how individual rankings become a group picture, and what that picture cannot say, Tyranny of the majority: when the larger number decides what the smaller number may do, Ranking: an ordering from most to least important, Agenda-setting: shaping which issues get attention, Week 5: Adding up preferences: social choice and its limits
968. Stark and Wagner, IEEE S&P 10(5)
     doi.org · source date 2012 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Week 11: Election security, internet voting, and evidence-based elections
969. Stark and Xie, They may look and look, yet not see: BMDs cannot be tested adequately
     arxiv.org · source date 2022-07-25 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Colorado’s risk-limiting audits: statistical evidence from paper ballots
970. Statement from the Citizens’ Assembly
     citizensassembly.ie · source date 2018-02-21 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short, Ireland’s citizens’ assemblies: randomly selected citizens before national votes, Cases: what real participation systems achieved, and where they failed

My Vote Forward sources S to S, part 98

My Vote Forward sources 971 to 980:

971. States Offering Driver’s Licenses to Immigrants (NCSL)
     ncsl.org · source date 2023-03-13 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
972. Statistical Summary of 24-Month Campaign Activity of the 2023-2024 Election Cycle
     fec.gov · source date 2025-04-23 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Money in politics
973. Statistics Iceland, Referendum 20 October 2012
     statice.is · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Iceland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Iceland’s crowdsourced constitution: an open drafting process that stalled in parliament
974. Stefano Cresci, “A decade of social bot detection,” Communications of the ACM 63(10), 2020, pp. 72 to 83. DOI 10.1145/3409116, abstract via OpenAlex. doi.org/10.1145/3409116 (accessed 2026-10-26).
     doi.org
     Cited on: Detecting coordinated campaigns: text similarity, timing, networks, and the base-rate problem
975. Steven J. Brams and Peter C. Fishburn, “Approval Voting,” American Political Science Review 72(3), September 1978, pp. 831 to 847
     cambridge.org · source date September 1978 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: General (not jurisdiction-specific) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Approval voting: vote for every option you find acceptable
976. Stewart et al., SSQ 101(2)
     api.openalex.org · source date 2019-12-23 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Election technology: from lever machines to paper trails and voting system standards
977. STF, ADI 5.889/DF, Rel. Min. Gilmar Mendes (acordao and docket)
     portal.stf.jus.br · source date 2020-09-16 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Brazil · 7 ledger claims
     Cited on: Brazil’s electronic voting: paperless machines, public tests, and the fight over a paper trail
978. Stortinget, Innst. 287 L (2014-2015), recommendation of the Standing Committee on Scrutiny and Constitutional Affairs
     stortinget.no · source date 2015-05-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Norway · 6 ledger claims
     Cited on: Norway’s internet voting trials: 2011 and 2013
979. Strasser, Volk bestätigt bilateralen Weg und Personenfreizügigkeit klar, Swissvotes
     swissvotes.ch · source date 2020 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (federal) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Switzerland’s direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
980. Stuart Weir, review on openDemocracy
     opendemocracy.net · source date 2010-01-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: International, n/a · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Seminar guide, Week 8: Deliberation, sortition, and mini-publics

My Vote Forward sources S to S, part 99

My Vote Forward sources 981 to 990:

981. Su, From Porto Alegre to New York City, New Political Science 39(1) (abstract via OpenAlex)
     doi.org · source date 2017 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New York City · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: New York City participatory budgeting: council districts, The People’s Money and what the evidence shows
982. Su, Participatory Budgeting in New York City, Metropolitics
     metropolitics.org · source date 2014-12-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New York City · 9 ledger claims
     Cited on: New York City participatory budgeting: council districts, The People’s Money and what the evidence shows, Doesn’t an online participation framework favor the tech-savvy?, What about people without internet access?, What about non-citizens and people under 18?
983. Sullivan, Direct Legislation by the Citizenship
     gutenberg.org · source date 1892 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, Switzerland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The initiative and referendum movement: how American states let voters write law
984. Supreme Court Observer, N Chandrababu Naidu v Union of India case background
     scobserver.in · source date 2022-03-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: India · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: India’s electronic voting machines: standalone EVMs, paper slips, and the Supreme Court
985. Supreme Court Observer, VVPATs for Voter Verification case page
     scobserver.in · source date 2024 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: India · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: India’s electronic voting machines: standalone EVMs, paper slips, and the Supreme Court
986. Supreme Court of India, Association for Democratic Reforms v. ECI, 2024 INSC 341
     scobserver.in · source date 2024-04-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: India · 14 ledger claims
     Cited on: India’s electronic voting machines: standalone EVMs, paper slips, and the Supreme Court
987. Supreme Court of India, N. Chandrababu Naidu v. Union of India, WP (C) 273/2019, order
     scobserver.in · source date 2019-04-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: India · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: India’s electronic voting machines: standalone EVMs, paper slips, and the Supreme Court
988. Supreme Court of the United States, Rucho v. Common Cause, No. 18-422, decided June 27, 2019 (slip opinion, including syllabus and dissent)
     supremecourt.gov · source date June 27, 2019 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Gerrymandering: drawing district lines for advantage
989. Sweeney, k-Anonymity: A Model for Protecting Privacy
     doi.org · source date 2002 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Small-group suppression: when a published number is too small to be safe or too small to be true, Week 12: Identity, privacy, trust, and the capstone design review
990. Swiss Federal Chancellery, E-voting
     bk.admin.ch · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland, Switzerland (federal) · 10 ledger claims
     Cited on: Audits and verification: evidence without exposing the vote, Governance: who decides, and how they answer for it, Jurisdictions: many laws, layered districts, no universal approval, Switzerland’s e-voting trials: suspension, redesign, and the 2026 Basel-Stadt incident, Switzerland’s direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde, Estonia’s internet voting: twenty years of binding i-votes, re-voting and the security debate, Why should anyone trust the operator of this framework?, What happens when the network or the system fails?, Is My Vote Forward an official voting service?, Isn’t online voting insecure?

My Vote Forward sources S to S, part 100

My Vote Forward sources 991 to 1000:

991. Swiss Federal Chancellery, E-Voting-Versuchsbetrieb: Weiteres Vorgehen nach dem Vorfall in Basel-Stadt
     admin.ch · source date 2026-03-11 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Switzerland’s e-voting trials: suspension, redesign, and the 2026 Basel-Stadt incident
992. Swiss Federal Chancellery, Federal Chancellery to review e-voting
     admin.ch · source date 2019-03-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Switzerland’s e-voting trials: suspension, redesign, and the 2026 Basel-Stadt incident
993. Swiss Federal Chancellery, media releases e-voting (list)
     bk.admin.ch · source date 2026 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Switzerland’s e-voting trials: suspension, redesign, and the 2026 Basel-Stadt incident
994. Swiss Federal Chancellery, Public intrusion test for e-voting to take place in February and March
     admin.ch · source date 2019-02-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Switzerland’s e-voting trials: suspension, redesign, and the 2026 Basel-Stadt incident
995. Swiss Federal Chancellery, Release of source code leads to discovery of flaw in Swiss Post’s new e-voting system
     admin.ch · source date 2019-03-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Switzerland’s e-voting trials: suspension, redesign, and the 2026 Basel-Stadt incident
996. Swiss Federal Chancellery, Security in e-voting
     bk.admin.ch · source date undated (current) · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Switzerland’s e-voting trials: suspension, redesign, and the 2026 Basel-Stadt incident
997. Swiss Federal Chancellery, Volksabstimmung vom 8. Maerz 2026: Elektronisch abgegebene Stimmen im Kanton Basel-Stadt womoeglich nicht zaehlbar
     admin.ch · source date 2026-03-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (Basel-Stadt) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Switzerland’s e-voting trials: suspension, redesign, and the 2026 Basel-Stadt incident
998. Swiss Federal Council, e-voting: Federal Council launches redesign of trials
     admin.ch · source date 2020-12-21 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Switzerland’s e-voting trials: suspension, redesign, and the 2026 Basel-Stadt incident
999. Swiss Federal Council, E-voting: New legislation comes into force
     admin.ch · source date 2022-05-25 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Switzerland’s e-voting trials: suspension, redesign, and the 2026 Basel-Stadt incident
1000. Swiss Federal Council, Federal Council approves resumption of online voting trials
      admin.ch · source date 2023-03-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Switzerland’s e-voting trials: suspension, redesign, and the 2026 Basel-Stadt incident

My Vote Forward sources S to S, part 101

My Vote Forward sources 1001 to 1010:

1001. Swiss Federal Council, Federal Council to reframe trial phase and delay introduction as a regular voting channel
      admin.ch · source date 2019-06-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Switzerland’s e-voting trials: suspension, redesign, and the 2026 Basel-Stadt incident
1002. Swiss Federal Council, The Federal Council renews basic licences for online voting
      admin.ch · source date 2025-06-25 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland · 2 ledger claims
      Cited on: Switzerland’s e-voting trials: suspension, redesign, and the 2026 Basel-Stadt incident
1003. Swissinfo, most Swiss do actually vote
      swissinfo.ch · source date 2016-02-16 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (Geneva) · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Switzerland’s direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
1004. Swissinfo, Most Swiss expats to lose e-voting access in parliament elections
      swissinfo.ch · source date 2019-06-19 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Switzerland’s e-voting trials: suspension, redesign, and the 2026 Basel-Stadt incident
1005. Swissinfo, Swiss Post set to relaunch its e-voting system
      swissinfo.ch · source date 2020-06-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland · 2 ledger claims
      Cited on: What happens when the network or the system fails?, Is My Vote Forward an official voting service?
1006. Swissvotes, Änderung der Finanzordnung
      swissvotes.ch · source date 1970-11-15 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (federal) · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Switzerland’s direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
1007. Swissvotes, Begrenzungsinitiative
      swissvotes.ch · source date 2020-09-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (federal) · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Switzerland’s direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
1008. Swissvotes, Einführung des Frauenstimmrechts
      swissvotes.ch · source date 1971-02-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (federal) · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Switzerland’s direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
1009. Swissvotes, Volksinitiative Gegen Masseneinwanderung
      swissvotes.ch · source date 2014-02-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (federal) · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Switzerland’s direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
1010. Swissvotes: Volksinitiative Gegen den Bau von Minaretten
      swissvotes.ch · source date 2009-11-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland, Switzerland (federal) · 3 ledger claims
      Cited on: Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short, Tyranny of the majority: when the larger number decides what the smaller number may do, Switzerland’s direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde

My Vote Forward sources T to T, part 102

My Vote Forward sources 1011 to 1020:

1011. Taipei Times article as republished by Liberty Times Net, “Voters say ‘no’ to all four referendum questions” (with proposers named and party reactions), December 19, 2021. Jurisdiction: Taiwan. news.l
      news.ltn.com.tw
      Cited on: Taiwan’s referendums, 2018 to 2021: lower thresholds, crowded ballots, and a calendar fight
1012. Taipei Times, 2018 Referendums: Rights plebiscite results draw opposing views
      taipeitimes.com · source date 2018-11-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Taiwan · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Taiwan’s referendums, 2018 to 2021: lower thresholds, crowded ballots, and a calendar fight
1013. Taipei Times, CEC head resigns over slow polling
      taipeitimes.com · source date 2018-11-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Taiwan · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Taiwan’s referendums, 2018 to 2021: lower thresholds, crowded ballots, and a calendar fight
1014. Taipei Times, CEC postpones referendum to Dec. 18
      taipeitimes.com · source date 2021-07-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Taiwan · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Taiwan’s referendums, 2018 to 2021: lower thresholds, crowded ballots, and a calendar fight
1015. Taipei Times, CEC warns of potential ballot disaster
      taipeitimes.com · source date 2026-08-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Taiwan · 2 ledger claims
      Cited on: Taiwan’s referendums, 2018 to 2021: lower thresholds, crowded ballots, and a calendar fight
1016. Taipei Times, KMT delays multiple votes on one referendum ballot
      taipeitimes.com · source date 2026-08-28 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Taiwan · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Taiwan’s referendums, 2018 to 2021: lower thresholds, crowded ballots, and a calendar fight
1017. Taipei Times, Legislature passes Referendum Act changes
      taipeitimes.com · source date 2025-11-22 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Taiwan · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Taiwan’s referendums, 2018 to 2021: lower thresholds, crowded ballots, and a calendar fight
1018. Taipei Times, Marriage law cannot contradict ruling
      taipeitimes.com · source date 2018-11-30 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Taiwan · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Taiwan’s referendums, 2018 to 2021: lower thresholds, crowded ballots, and a calendar fight
1019. Taipei Times, NUCLEAR REFERENDUM: Vote shows need for policy shift
      taipeitimes.com · source date 2025-08-25 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Taiwan · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Taiwan’s referendums, 2018 to 2021: lower thresholds, crowded ballots, and a calendar fight
1020. Taipei Times, Referendum Act amendments report
      taipeitimes.com · source date 2017-12-13 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Taiwan · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Taiwan’s referendums, 2018 to 2021: lower thresholds, crowded ballots, and a calendar fight

My Vote Forward sources T to T, part 103

My Vote Forward sources 1021 to 1030:

1021. Taipei Times, Voters say no to all four referendum questions
      taipeitimes.com · source date 2021-12-19 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Taiwan · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Taiwan’s referendums, 2018 to 2021: lower thresholds, crowded ballots, and a calendar fight
1022. Taiwan Anti-Infiltration Act
      law.moj.gov.tw · source date 2020-01-15 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Taiwan · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Foreign interference: outside governments trying to shape another country’s vote
1023. Tax Foundation, State Strategies for Closing FY 2020 with a Balanced Budget
      taxfoundation.org · source date 2020-04-02 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states) · 2 ledger claims
      Cited on: Tradeoffs, Public budget blindness: deciding priorities without seeing what things cost
1024. Teele, Forging the Franchise, Princeton UP
      api.openalex.org · source date 2018 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: US, France, UK, United States · 2 ledger claims
      Cited on: Women’s suffrage: how half the adult population won the vote, and what changed after
1025. Texas Secretary of State, Turnout and Voter Registration Figures (1970-current)
      sos.state.tx.us · source date n.d. (data through 2024) · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Texas · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Low turnout in local elections: when a small and unrepresentative electorate decides
1026. The 74, The Massive Collapse in College Confidence Isn’t Getting Any Better
      the74million.org · source date 2026-07-16 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 2 ledger claims
      Cited on: Education, Education: evidence
1027. The Athenian Constitution, tr. Kenyon, ch. 21
      gutenberg.org · source date n.d. (ancient text) · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Athens (ancient) · 7 ledger claims
      Cited on: Athenian democracy: lot, assembly, and the limits of the first citizen government
1028. The Ballot Act 1872 (c. 33)
      legislation.gov.uk · source date 1872 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: The secret ballot: how private voting became a public safeguard
1029. The Citizens’ Assembly, 2013-2014 Convention on the Constitution
      citizensassembly.ie · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Ireland’s citizens’ assemblies: randomly selected citizens before national votes
1030. The Citizens’ Assembly, 2016-2018 Citizens’ Assembly
      citizensassembly.ie · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 9 ledger claims
      Cited on: Ireland’s citizens’ assemblies: randomly selected citizens before national votes, Who chooses the ten subjects, and why should anyone accept that list?, Does a majority decide anyone’s rights in this framework?, Can an institution lawfully ignore a public result?, What if most people never participate?, Who funds My Vote Forward, and could money shape it?, Why not just call your representative?, Who writes the questions, and how is wording kept fair?, Does My Vote Forward replace elected officials?

My Vote Forward sources T to T, part 104

My Vote Forward sources 1031 to 1040:

1031. The Citizens’ Assembly, Citizens’ Assembly on Biodiversity Loss
      citizensassembly.ie · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Ireland’s citizens’ assemblies: randomly selected citizens before national votes
1032. The Citizens’ Assembly, Citizens’ Assembly on Drugs Use
      citizensassembly.ie · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Ireland’s citizens’ assemblies: randomly selected citizens before national votes
1033. The Citizens’ Assembly, Citizens’ Assembly on Gender Equality
      citizensassembly.ie · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Ireland’s citizens’ assemblies: randomly selected citizens before national votes
1034. The Citizens’ Assembly, Dublin Citizens’ Assembly
      citizensassembly.ie · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Ireland’s citizens’ assemblies: randomly selected citizens before national votes
1035. The Citizens’ Assembly, Terms of Reference
      citizensassembly.ie · source date 2016-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 4 ledger claims
      Cited on: Participation between elections: referendums, consultation, and participatory budgeting, Deliberation: reasoned discussion before a decision, Citizens’ assembly: a randomly selected body that deliberates and recommends, Sortition: selecting public decision-makers by lot
1036. The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration, Summary (National Academies)
      nationalacademies.org · source date 2017 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
      Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Immigration and Citizenship: what the evidence shows
1037. The Federalist No. 10, Library of Congress
      guides.loc.gov · source date 1787 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Week 1: Democracy between elections, and what officials actually hear, Week 9: Direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, and minority rights
1038. The Federalist No. 51 (Avalon Project)
      avalon.law.yale.edu · source date 1788-02-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
      Cited on: Tyranny of the majority: when the larger number decides what the smaller number may do, Government and rights
1039. The Federalist No. 73
      avalon.law.yale.edu · source date 1788 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (historical) · 2 ledger claims
      Cited on: Gridlock and legislative deadlock, Problems
1040. The global effectiveness of fact-checking
      doi.org · source date 2021-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Argentina, Nigeria, South Africa, United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Misinformation

My Vote Forward sources T to T, part 105

My Vote Forward sources 1041 to 1050:

1041. The GovLab, CrowdLaw for Congress, vTaiwan case study
      congress.crowd.law · source date 2020-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Taiwan (national) · 7 ledger claims
      Cited on: vTaiwan: how a civic tech community built an open consultation process for national rules
1042. The Labor Market Effects of a Refugee Wave (Peri and Yasenov, NBER w21801)
      nber.org · source date 2015 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (Miami) · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the evidence shows
1043. The Nation’s Report Card, NAEP Civics national achievement-level results, grade 8
      nationsreportcard.gov · source date n.d. (2022 assessment) · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national), United States · 2 ledger claims
      Cited on: What the national civics test measures, and what it cannot, Civic education: what schools teach about self-government, and what it changes
1044. The People’s Money, 1st Cycle
      participate.nyc.gov · source date 2022-2024 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New York City · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: New York City participatory budgeting: council districts, The People’s Money and what the evidence shows
1045. The People’s Money, 2nd Cycle
      participate.nyc.gov · source date 2023-2025 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New York City · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: New York City participatory budgeting: council districts, The People’s Money and what the evidence shows
1046. The People’s Money, 3rd Cycle
      participate.nyc.gov · source date 2024-2026 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New York City · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: New York City participatory budgeting: council districts, The People’s Money and what the evidence shows
1047. The People’s Money, 4th Cycle
      participate.nyc.gov · source date 2025 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New York City · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: New York City participatory budgeting: council districts, The People’s Money and what the evidence shows
1048. The People’s Money, participate.nyc.gov
      participate.nyc.gov · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New York City · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: New York City participatory budgeting: council districts, The People’s Money and what the evidence shows
1049. The President’s Advisory 1776 Commission, The 1776 Report
      trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov · source date 2021-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (advisory) · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Civic education: what schools teach about self-government, and what it changes
1050. The simple but ingenious system Taiwan uses to crowdsource its laws (MIT Technology Review)
      technologyreview.com · source date 2018-08-21 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Taiwan, Taiwan (national) · 10 ledger claims
      Cited on: Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short, Collective priorities: how individual rankings become a group picture, and what that picture cannot say, vTaiwan: how a civic tech community built an open consultation process for national rules, Cases: what real participation systems achieved, and where they failed

My Vote Forward sources T to T, part 106

My Vote Forward sources 1051 to 1060:

1051. The spread of true and false news online
      doi.org · source date 2018-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Twitter, global · 2 ledger claims
      Cited on: Misinformation
1052. The Wage Impact of the Marielitos: Additional Evidence (Borjas, NBER w21850)
      nber.org · source date 2016-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (Miami) · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the evidence shows
1053. Thomas Burgisser (Dodis), Outwardly open, inwardly closed, Swiss National Museum blog
      italia-svizzera.dodis.ch · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (history) · 2 ledger claims
      Cited on: Does a majority decide anyone’s rights in this framework?, Can an institution lawfully ignore a public result?
1054. Thompson, Wu, Yoder and Hall, Universal vote-by-mail has no impact on partisan turnout or vote share, PNAS 117(25)
      law.ucla.edu · source date 2020-06-23 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: California, Utah, Washington · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Oregon vote by mail: the first all-mail state and what it measured
1055. Thorarensen, Why the making of a crowd-sourced Constitution in Iceland failed
      constitutional-change.com · source date 2014-02-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Iceland · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Iceland’s crowdsourced constitution: an open drafting process that stalled in parliament
1056. Thornburg v. Gingles, 478 U.S. 30
      law.cornell.edu · source date 1986-06-30 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: The Voting Rights Act and after: vote dilution, registration law, and the fight over Section 2
1057. Threat Modeling Manifesto working group, “Threat Modeling Manifesto.”
      threatmodelingmanifesto.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: General (not jurisdiction-specific) · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Threat model: a structured account of what could go wrong
1058. Thucydides, tr. Crawley, Book 2
      classics.mit.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Athens (ancient) · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Athenian democracy: lot, assembly, and the limits of the first citizen government
1059. Timbs v. Indiana
      law.cornell.edu · source date 2019-02-20 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
1060. Timmons v. Twin Cities Area New Party, 520 U.S. 351
      law.cornell.edu · source date 1997-04-28 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: The Australian ballot in America: how a state-printed ballot reshaped parties, candidacy, and design

My Vote Forward sources T to T, part 107

My Vote Forward sources 1061 to 1070:

1061. Tocqueville, Democracy in America Vol. I ch. XV (Reeve tr.)
      gutenberg.org · source date 1835 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Tyranny of the majority: when the larger number decides what the smaller number may do
1062. Tom Loveless, The NAEP proficiency myth, Brookings
      brookings.edu · source date 2016-06-13 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (commentary), United States · 2 ledger claims
      Cited on: What the national civics test measures, and what it cannot, Civic education: what schools teach about self-government, and what it changes
1063. Touchton and Wampler, CPS 47(10)
      doi.org · source date 2013 online · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Brazil · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Week 10: Participatory budgeting and the ladder of participation
1064. Touchton and Wampler, Improving Social Well-Being Through New Democratic Institutions, CPS 47(10)
      scholarworks.boisestate.edu · source date 2014 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Brazil · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Participation between elections: referendums, consultation, and participatory budgeting
1065. Tourangeau and Yan, Sensitive Questions in Surveys, Psychological Bulletin 133(5)
      doi.org · source date 2007 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: general · 2 ledger claims
      Cited on: Handling levels: placarded issues and the care they get, Handling level: how much care a question gets
1066. Tourangeau, Yan, Sun, Who Can You Count On?, JSSAM 8(5)
      doi.org · source date 2020 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Measuring trust: what survey trust items capture, how reliable they are, and how to tell trust from partisanship
1067. Townsend, The Failed Experiment of Ranked-Choice Voting
      alaskapolicyforum.org · source date 2020-10-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Maine, United States, Alaska, United States · 2 ledger claims
      Cited on: Maine’s ranked-choice voting (2016 to present), Alaska’s top-four primary and ranked-choice general election (2020 to present)
1068. Trail of Bits, Voatz Security Assessment, Volume I: Technical Findings
      github.com · source date 2020-03-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 5 ledger claims
      Cited on: West Virginia’s mobile voting pilot: Voatz in 2018 and the security reviews that followed
1069. Transit Costs Project Final Report
      transitcosts.com · source date 2023 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: International · 3 ledger claims
      Cited on: Infrastructure and Transport: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Infrastructure and Transport: who decides, Infrastructure and Transport: what the evidence shows
1070. Trump v. Barbara, No. 25-365 (U.S. Supreme Court)
      supremecourt.gov · source date 2026-06-30 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 4 ledger claims
      Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Immigration and Citizenship: who decides

My Vote Forward sources T to U, part 108

My Vote Forward sources 1071 to 1080:

1071. Trump v. Hawaii (LII)
      law.cornell.edu · source date 2018-06-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
1072. Trust in Media at New Low
      news.gallup.com · source date 2025 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
      Cited on: Misinformation, Can public priorities be manipulated by media?, Why should anyone trust a published release?
1073. Two Faces of Power
      cambridge.org · source date 1962-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Theory (United States) · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Agenda capture
1074. U.S. Census Bureau, “2020 Census Apportionment Results,” April 2021
      census.gov · source date 2020 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Apportionment: dividing House seats among the states
1075. U.S. Census Bureau, “Computing Apportionment.”
      census.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Apportionment: dividing House seats among the states
1076. U.S. Census Bureau, “Congressional Apportionment.”
      census.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Apportionment: dividing House seats among the states
1077. U.S. Census Bureau, 2024 Presidential Election Voting and Registration Tables release
      census.gov · source date 2025-04-30 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, United States (citizen voting-age population) · 7 ledger claims
      Cited on: Ballot access: the practical steps between being eligible and casting a vote that counts, Unequal participation: who votes, who does not, and whether it changes what government does, Registration: entering an eligible person on the voter roll, Participation: taking part in a civic process, The Voting Rights Act and after: vote dilution, registration law, and the fight over Section 2
1078. U.S. Census Bureau, ACS Sample Size
      census.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Survey sampling: how a few thousand answers can describe millions, and when they cannot
1079. U.S. Census Bureau, Differential Privacy (marked no longer current)
      census.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, United States (federal) · 6 ledger claims
      Cited on: Privacy: five kinds of data, five sets of rules, Published releases: scheduled, reviewed, and the same for everyone, Who can see my data in My Vote Forward?, Aggregate: a summary that does not show any individual’s answer, Differential privacy: a mathematical limit on what a release reveals, Can the government use My Vote Forward data?
1080. U.S. Census Bureau, Government Organization Summary Report: 2022 & 2025
      census.gov · source date 2026-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 9 ledger claims
      Cited on: Private voting, Participation over time, Subjects: ten provisional areas of public life, Health and Care: who decides, Who decides government and rights, Government and rights, the evidence, Housing and Communities: who decides, Infrastructure and Transport: who decides, Public budget blindness: deciding priorities without seeing what things cost

My Vote Forward sources U to U, part 109

My Vote Forward sources 1081 to 1090:

1081. U.S. Census Bureau, Government Organization Summary Report: 2022 and 2025
      cdn.www.census.gov · source date 2026-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 3 ledger claims
      Cited on: Education, Education: who decides, Economy and Work: who decides
1082. U.S. Census Bureau, Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2024 (P60-288)
      census.gov · source date 2025-09-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Health and Care: what the evidence shows
1083. U.S. Census Bureau, Median Household Income in 2025 Surpassed Previous Highs
      census.gov · source date 2026-09-15 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 2 ledger claims
      Cited on: Economy and Work, Economy and Work: evidence
1084. U.S. Census Bureau, Poverty in the United States: 2025 (P60-290)
      census.gov · source date 2026-09-15 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 2 ledger claims
      Cited on: Economy and Work, Economy and Work: evidence
1085. U.S. Census Bureau, Public School Spending Per Pupil Increased in 2024 (CB26-TPS.29)
      census.gov · source date 2026-05-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 3 ledger claims
      Cited on: Education, Education: who decides, Education: evidence
1086. U.S. Census Bureau, Quarterly Residential Vacancies and Homeownership Q2 2026
      census.gov · source date 2026-07-28 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
      Cited on: Housing and Communities: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Housing and Communities: what the evidence shows
1087. U.S. Census Bureau, Voting and Registration in the Election of November 2024, Table 1 (vote01_2024.xlsx downloaded from table page)
      census.gov · source date 2025-04 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 6 ledger claims
      Cited on: Youth participation: why the youngest eligible voters vote least, and what changes it, Disability access: voting privately and independently with a disability, Language access: voting when English is not your strongest language
1088. U.S. Census Bureau, Voting Rights Act Section 203 Determinations
      census.gov · source date 2022-12-28 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Language access: voting when English is not your strongest language
1089. U.S. Census Bureau, When to Use 1-year or 5-year Estimates
      census.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Survey sampling: how a few thousand answers can describe millions, and when they cannot, Small-group suppression: when a published number is too small to be safe or too small to be true
1090. U.S. Constitution Article I
      law.cornell.edu · source date 1789 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, United States (national) · 8 ledger claims
      Cited on: Identity, authentication, eligibility, and registration, Jurisdictions: many laws, layered districts, no universal approval, Immigration and Citizenship: who decides, Who decides government and rights, Who decides defense and foreign affairs, Environment and energy: who decides, Economy and Work: who decides, Apportionment: dividing House seats among the states

My Vote Forward sources U to U, part 110

My Vote Forward sources 1091 to 1100:

1091. U.S. Constitution Fourteenth Amendment (LII)
      law.cornell.edu · source date 1868 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
      Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides, Who decides government and rights
1092. U.S. Constitution transcript, National Archives
      archives.gov · source date 1787 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: The census and apportionment: counting people to divide power
1093. U.S. Constitution, 26th Amendment (LII)
      law.cornell.edu · source date 1971 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
      Cited on: Youth participation: why the youngest eligible voters vote least, and what changes it, Eligibility: meeting the legal requirements to vote, What about non-citizens and people under 18?
1094. U.S. Constitution, Amendment I
      law.cornell.edu · source date 1791 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
      Cited on: Who decides government and rights, Why not just call your representative?, How is My Vote Forward different from petitions?
1095. U.S. Constitution, Amendment X
      law.cornell.edu · source date 1791 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 4 ledger claims
      Cited on: Government and rights, Who decides government and rights, Environment and energy: who decides, Safety and Justice: who decides
1096. U.S. Constitution, Article II
      law.cornell.edu · source date 1788 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
      Cited on: Who decides defense and foreign affairs, Safety and Justice: who decides
1097. U.S. Constitution, Article V
      law.cornell.edu · source date 1788 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Who decides government and rights
1098. U.S. Constitution, Eighth Amendment (LII)
      law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
1099. U.S. Constitution, Fourth Amendment (LII)
      law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
      Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides, Can the government use My Vote Forward data?
1100. U.S. Constitution, Second Amendment (LII)
      law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides

My Vote Forward sources U to U, part 111

My Vote Forward sources 1101 to 1110:

1101. U.S. Constitution, Sixth Amendment (LII)
      law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
1102. U.S. DOJ Civil Rights Division, The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act
      justice.gov · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Washington, D.C. 2010 internet voting test: a public trial that was breached, West Virginia’s mobile voting pilot: Voatz in 2018 and the security reviews that followed
1103. U.S. DOL WHD, State Minimum Wage Laws
      dol.gov · source date 2026-07-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states), Washington · 2 ledger claims
      Cited on: Economy and Work: who decides, Economy and Work: evidence
1104. U.S. DOL, Unemployment Insurance
      dol.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Economy and Work: who decides
1105. U.S. EAC, End-to-End (E2E) Protocol Evaluation Process
      eac.gov · source date 2025-12-23 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 6 ledger claims
      Cited on: Private voting, Intimidation, coercion, and vote buying, Security: three layers that must not be confused, Audits and verification: evidence without exposing the vote, Verification: checking that something is what it claims to be, End-to-end verifiable voting: cryptographic evidence without revealing votes
1106. U.S. EAC, Voluntary Voting System Guidelines
      eac.gov · source date VVSG 2.0 adopted 2021-02-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, United States (federal) · 6 ledger claims
      Cited on: Hard questions about My Vote Forward, The framework, Private voting, Jurisdictions: many laws, layered districts, no universal approval, Is My Vote Forward an official voting service?, Election technology: from lever machines to paper trails and voting system standards, Security: three layers that must not be confused
1107. U.S. Election Assistance Commission, “Chain of Custody Best Practices,” version 1.1, July 12, 2021 (definitions of ballot and provisional ballot)
      eac.gov · source date July 12, 2021 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 7 ledger claims
      Cited on: Ballot: the official instrument of a vote, Eligibility: meeting the legal requirements to vote, Registration: entering an eligible person on the voter roll, Audit: an independent check of whether a process produced a correct result, Voter-verified paper record: the paper a voter can check before casting, Chain of custody: a documented record of who held what, and when
1108. U.S. Government Accountability Office, Program Evaluation: Key Terms and Concepts, GAO-21-404SP, March 22, 2021
      gao.gov · source date March 22, 2021 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 4 ledger claims
      Cited on: Effectiveness assessment: does a program achieve its goal?
1109. U.S. Lawful Permanent Residents: 2024 (DHS OHSS)
      ohss.dhs.gov · source date 2026-06-04 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
      Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Immigration and Citizenship: what the evidence shows
1110. U.S. National Archives, Voting Rights Act (1965)
      archives.gov · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 7 ledger claims
      Cited on: Seminar guide, Access and exclusion: who was kept from voting, and how, Week 4: The secret ballot and the history of who may vote

My Vote Forward sources U to U, part 112

My Vote Forward sources 1111 to 1120:

1111. U.S. Population Growth Slows Due to Historic Decline in Net International Migration (Census CB26-20)
      census.gov · source date 2026-01-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
      Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Immigration and Citizenship: what the evidence shows
1112. U.S. Treasury Fiscal Data, Federal Spending
      fiscaldata.treasury.gov · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal), United States · 4 ledger claims
      Cited on: Tradeoffs, Defense and foreign affairs, Defense and foreign affairs, the evidence, Public budget blindness: deciding priorities without seeing what things cost
1113. U.S. Unauthorized Immigrant Population Reached a Record 14 Million in 2023 (Pew)
      pewresearch.org · source date 2025-08-21 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
      Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Immigration and Citizenship: what the evidence shows
1114. UC Berkeley Labor Center, Inventory of US City and County Minimum Wage Ordinances
      laborcenter.berkeley.edu · source date 2026-09-30 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (local) · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Economy and Work: who decides
1115. UC Press, The Concept of Representation
      ucpress.edu · source date 1972 (as listed) · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: General, General (not jurisdiction-specific), n/a · 3 ledger claims
      Cited on: Glossary, Representation: acting on behalf of others, Week 2: What it means to represent someone, Seminar guide
1116. UIC, Dermot Murphy profile
      gfrc.uic.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: The collapse of local news
1117. UK Government press release
      gov.uk · source date 2016-04-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum
1118. UK Statistics Authority statement
      uksa.statisticsauthority.gov.uk · source date 2016-05-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum
1119. UN CRPD Article 29
      un.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: international · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Disability access: voting privately and independently with a disability
1120. UN Depositary Notification C.N.71.2025
      treaties.un.org · source date 2025-01-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: international · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides

My Vote Forward sources U to U, part 113

My Vote Forward sources 1121 to 1130:

1121. UN Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics, A/RES/68/261
      unstats.un.org · source date 2014-01-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: international, International · 8 ledger claims
      Cited on: Published releases: scheduled, reviewed, and the same for everyone, Governance: who decides, and how they answer for it, Can someone be punished for an opinion they share?, Why should anyone trust the operator of this framework?, Who funds My Vote Forward, and could money shape it?, Who can see my data in My Vote Forward?, Published release: a scheduled, versioned package of aggregate results, Aggregate: a summary that does not show any individual’s answer
1122. UN HRC General Comment No. 25, CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.7
      digitallibrary.un.org · source date 1996-08-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: international · 7 ledger claims
      Cited on: Privacy: five kinds of data, five sets of rules, Consent: specific, revocable, and never a key to the ballot, Intimidation, coercion, and vote buying, Identity, authentication, eligibility, and registration, Audits and verification: evidence without exposing the vote, Governance: who decides, and how they answer for it, Jurisdictions: many laws, layered districts, no universal approval
1123. UN Statistics Division, COFOG revision
      unstats.un.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: International (UN) · 2 ledger claims
      Cited on: Subjects: ten provisional areas of public life
1124. Unite America summary of BPC, 2022 Primary Turnout: Trends and Lessons for Boosting Participation
      uniteamerica.org · source date 2023-03-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
      Cited on: Primary elections and the few who decide, Problems
1125. Unite America, The Primary Problem
      uniteamerica.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Primary elections and the few who decide
1126. United States v. Carolene Products Co., 304 U.S. 144
      law.cornell.edu · source date 1938-04-25 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Tyranny of the majority: when the larger number decides what the smaller number may do
1127. United States v. Lopez, 514 U.S. 549
      law.cornell.edu · source date 1995-04-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
1128. United States v. Rahimi
      law.cornell.edu · source date 2024-06-21 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
1129. United States v. Salerno, 481 U.S. 739
      law.cornell.edu · source date 1987-05-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
1130. United States v. Texas (2023) (LII)
      law.cornell.edu · source date 2023-06-23 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides

My Vote Forward sources U to V, part 114

My Vote Forward sources 1131 to 1140:

1131. Universal Declaration of Human Rights
      un.org · source date 1948-12-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: International (UN) · 3 ledger claims
      Cited on: Start here, The framework, Private voting
1132. University of Iceland constitutional documentation site, Constitutional Assembly elections
      stjornarskra.hi.is · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Iceland · 2 ledger claims
      Cited on: Iceland’s crowdsourced constitution: an open drafting process that stalled in parliament, Cases: what real participation systems achieved, and where they failed
1133. Urban Institute, Criminal Justice Expenditures: Police, Corrections, and Courts
      urban.org · source date 2021 data · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
      Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Safety and Justice: who decides
1134. Urban Institute, Highway and Road Expenditures
      urban.org · source date n.d. (2021 data) · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
      Cited on: Infrastructure and Transport: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Infrastructure and Transport: who decides, Infrastructure and Transport: what the evidence shows
1135. USA.gov, Who can and cannot vote
      usa.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal), United States · 6 ledger claims
      Cited on: Does a fingerprint or face scan prove someone is eligible to vote?, Is My Vote Forward an official voting service?, Eligibility: meeting the legal requirements to vote, Registration: entering an eligible person on the voter roll, What about non-citizens and people under 18?
1136. USCIS Policy Manual Vol. 12 Part E Ch. 2
      uscis.gov · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
1137. USENIX Security 2020 abstract page
      usenix.org · source date 2020 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: West Virginia, United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Week 11: Election security, internet voting, and evidence-based elections
1138. USSC, 2023 Demographic Differences in Federal Sentencing
      ussc.gov · source date 2023-11-14 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal) · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows
1139. Utah v. Evans, 536 U.S. 452
      law.cornell.edu · source date 2002-06-20 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: The census and apportionment: counting people to divide power
1140. Valimised, Statistics about Internet Voting in Estonia
      valimised.ee · source date 2005-2024 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Estonia (national), Estonia · 8 ledger claims
      Cited on: Estonia’s internet voting: twenty years of binding i-votes, re-voting and the security debate, Cases: what real participation systems achieved, and where they failed, Isn’t online voting insecure?, Doesn’t an online participation framework favor the tech-savvy?, What about people without internet access?

My Vote Forward sources V to V, part 115

My Vote Forward sources 1141 to 1150:

1141. Van Swol, Social Influence 4(3)
      doi.org · source date 2009 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Week 8: Deliberation, sortition, and mini-publics
1142. Vassor, The Conversation
      theconversation.com · source date 2020-01-30 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: France (Paris) · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Paris participatory budget: a decade of resident-chosen investment and its open questions
1143. Venice Commission, Code of Good Practice in Electoral Matters, CDL-AD(2002)023rev2-cor
      docs-venice.coe.int · source date 2002-10-19 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Council of Europe (advisory) · 12 ledger claims
      Cited on: Privacy: five kinds of data, five sets of rules, Consent: specific, revocable, and never a key to the ballot, Intimidation, coercion, and vote buying, Identity, authentication, eligibility, and registration, Audits and verification: evidence without exposing the vote, Governance: who decides, and how they answer for it, Jurisdictions: many laws, layered districts, no universal approval, Can someone in a household coerce a remote voter?, Why should anyone trust the operator of this framework?, Who funds My Vote Forward, and could money shape it?, What happens when the network or the system fails?, Who can see my data in My Vote Forward?
1144. Venice Commission, Code of Good Practice on Referendums, CDL-AD(2007)008rev-cor
      docs-venice.coe.int · source date 2007-03-17 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Council of Europe (advisory) · 3 ledger claims
      Cited on: Referendum failures: when asking everyone produces an answer nobody can use
1145. Venice Commission, Opinion on the Draft New Constitution of Iceland, CDL-AD(2013)010
      docs-venice.coe.int · source date 2013-03-11 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Iceland · 3 ledger claims
      Cited on: Iceland’s crowdsourced constitution: an open drafting process that stalled in parliament
1146. Verified Voting, Consensus Studies Examining Internet Voting
      verifiedvoting.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (secondary summary), United States · 4 ledger claims
      Cited on: Can someone in a household coerce a remote voter?, What happens when the network or the system fails?, Is My Vote Forward an official voting service?, Isn’t online voting insecure?
1147. Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co., 272 U.S. 365
      law.cornell.edu · source date 1926-11-22 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Housing and Communities: who decides
1148. Ville de Paris, 10 ans de Budget Participatif
      paris.fr · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: France (Paris) · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Paris participatory budget: a decade of resident-chosen investment and its open questions
1149. Ville de Paris, BP 2025: 104 projets lauréats
      paris.fr · source date 2025-10-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: France (Paris) · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Paris participatory budget: a decade of resident-chosen investment and its open questions
1150. Ville de Paris, BP recrutement phase de vote
      paris.fr · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: France (Paris) · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Paris participatory budget: a decade of resident-chosen investment and its open questions

My Vote Forward sources V to W, part 116

My Vote Forward sources 1151 to 1160:

1151. Ville de Paris, Budget Participatif
      paris.fr · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: France (Paris) · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Paris participatory budget: a decade of resident-chosen investment and its open questions
1152. Ville de Paris, Budget Participatif: c’est l’heure de voter
      paris.fr · source date 2025 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: France (Paris) · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Paris participatory budget: a decade of resident-chosen investment and its open questions
1153. Voelkel et al., Megastudy testing 25 treatments to reduce antidemocratic attitudes and partisan animosity, Science
      kellogg.northwestern.edu · source date 2024 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Polarization: when disagreement turns into distrust of the other side
1154. Voting: What Is, What Could Be
      vote.caltech.edu · source date 2001-07-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Election technology: from lever machines to paper trails and voting system standards
1155. VotingWorks, Risk-Limiting Audit Report: Georgia Presidential Contest, November 2020
      public-assets.voting.works · source date 2020-11-19 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Georgia, United States · 5 ledger claims
      Cited on: Georgia’s 2020 hand count audit: a full manual tally of about five million ballots
1156. vTaiwan
      info.vtaiwan.tw · source date 2023-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Taiwan, Taiwan (national) · 7 ledger claims
      Cited on: Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short, Governance: who decides, and how they answer for it, vTaiwan: how a civic tech community built an open consultation process for national rules, Who chooses the ten subjects, and why should anyone accept that list?, Broken feedback between elections: what officials hear when nobody is voting
1157. W. Edwards Deming and Frederick F. Stephan, “On a Least Squares Adjustment of a Sampled Frequency Table When the Expected Marginal Totals are Known,” Annals of Mathematical Statistics 11(4), 1940, pp.
      doi.org
      Cited on: Opt-in panels: the mathematics of self-selection and the limits of adjustment
1158. W3C Web Authentication Level 3
      w3.org · source date 2026-08-25 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: international (standard), General (not jurisdiction-specific) · 3 ledger claims
      Cited on: Identity, authentication, eligibility, and registration, Hardware: what devices can and cannot prove, Passkey: a phishing-resistant sign-in credential
1159. Waldron, The Core of the Case Against Judicial Review, Yale LJ 115(6)
      humanities.mcmaster.ca · source date 2006-04 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: none · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Tyranny of the majority: when the larger number decides what the smaller number may do
1160. Walter Lippmann, Public Opinion, 1922, Project Gutenberg edition
      gutenberg.org · source date 1922 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: General (not jurisdiction-specific), n/a · 2 ledger claims
      Cited on: Opinion: a stated view on a worded question, Public opinion polling: from straw votes to probability samples to the modern accuracy debate

My Vote Forward sources W to W, part 117

My Vote Forward sources 1161 to 1170:

1161. Wampler and Touchton, Designing institutions to improve well-being, EJPR (People Powered summary)
      peoplepowered.org · source date 2018 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Brazil · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Porto Alegre participatory budgeting: the original model, its peak and its long decline
1162. Wand et al., APSR 95(4)
      api.openalex.org · source date 2001 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Palm Beach County, Florida · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: The Australian ballot in America: how a state-printed ballot reshaped parties, candidacy, and design
1163. Wang et al., IJF 31(3)
      stat.columbia.edu · source date 2015 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Week 6: Measuring public opinion: attitudes, samples, and nonresponse
1164. Wang, Rothschild, Goel, Gelman, Forecasting elections with non-representative polls, IJF 31(3)
      sites.stat.columbia.edu · source date 2015 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
      Cited on: Survey sampling: how a few thousand answers can describe millions, and when they cannot, Opt-in panels: the mathematics of self-selection and the limits of adjustment
1165. Warren and Pearse, Designing Deliberative Democracy
      doi.org · source date 2008 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: British Columbia, Canada · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Week 8: Deliberation, sortition, and mini-publics
1166. Washington State Auditor, Evaluating Washington’s Ballot Rejection Rates
      sao.wa.gov · source date 2022-02-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Washington · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Oregon vote by mail: the first all-mail state and what it measured
1167. Washington State Constitution
      leg.wa.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Washington · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Education: who decides
1168. Washington State Grange v. Washington State Republican Party, 552 U.S. 442, syllabus
      law.cornell.edu · source date 2008-03-18 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States / Washington · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Primary elections and the few who decide
1169. Watson, Whose voices are heard in local decision making? VHFA blog (secondary)
      vhfa.org · source date 2019-07-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Massachusetts · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Broken feedback between elections: what officials hear when nobody is voting
1170. Wattenberg, Critical Review 31(2)
      api.openalex.org · source date 2019 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Public opinion polling: from straw votes to probability samples to the modern accuracy debate

My Vote Forward sources W to W, part 118

My Vote Forward sources 1171 to 1180:

1171. We Draw the Lines (California Citizens Redistricting Commission)
      wedrawthelines.ca.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: California · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Gerrymandering
1172. Wei Wang, David Rothschild, Sharad Goel, and Andrew Gelman, “Forecasting Elections with Non-representative Polls,” International Journal of Forecasting 31(3), 2015, 980 to 991. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfor
      doi.org
      Cited on: Week 6: Measuring public opinion: attitudes, samples, and nonresponse
1173. Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act 2015 contents
      legislation.gov.uk · source date 2015 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Wales · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Short-term thinking: why democracies underweight the future
1174. Wesberry v. Sanders, 376 U.S. 1
      law.cornell.edu · source date 1964-02-17 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, Georgia · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: The census and apportionment: counting people to divide power
1175. West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, 319 U.S. 624
      law.cornell.edu · source date 1943-06-14 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, United States (federal) · 6 ledger claims
      Cited on: Hard questions about My Vote Forward, Representation, Tyranny of the majority: when the larger number decides what the smaller number may do, Government and rights, Who decides government and rights, Does a majority decide anyone’s rights in this framework?
1176. West Virginia v. EPA slip opinion
      supremecourt.gov · source date 2022-06-30 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides
1177. What Works Clearinghouse (IES/NCEE)
      ies.ed.gov · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Tradeoffs
1178. When Citizens Decide: Lessons from Citizen Assemblies on Electoral Reform
      academic.oup.com · source date 2011-06-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Canada; Netherlands · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: British Columbia’s Citizens’ Assembly on Electoral Reform (2003 to 2009)
1179. When Do the Rich Win? (research summary)
      ifs.org · source date 2017 (article) · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Money in politics
1180. White House, Designating English as the Official Language of the United States
      whitehouse.gov · source date 2025-03-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Language access: voting when English is not your strongest language

My Vote Forward sources W to W, part 119

My Vote Forward sources 1181 to 1190:

1181. Why has Participatory Budgeting Declined in Brazil? (Brazilian Political Science Review 16(2))
      scielo.br · source date 2022-05-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Brazil · 3 ledger claims
      Cited on: Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short, Public budget blindness: deciding priorities without seeing what things cost
1182. Why Hasn’t Democracy Slowed Rising Inequality?
      aeaweb.org · source date 2013 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Money in politics
1183. Why Is There So Little Money in U.S. Politics?
      nber.org · source date 2003-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Money in politics
1184. Why the backfire effect does not explain the durability of political misperceptions
      doi.org · source date 2021-04 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Review, mainly United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Misinformation
1185. Widespread partisan gerrymandering mostly cancels nationally, but reduces electoral competition
      doi.org · source date 2023-06-13 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (House) · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Gerrymandering
1186. Wigmore, The Australian Ballot System (1889)
      archive.org · source date 1889 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, United Kingdom · 4 ledger claims
      Cited on: The Australian ballot in America: how a state-printed ballot reshaped parties, candidacy, and design
1187. Wikimedia Foundation, Financial reports
      wikimediafoundation.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Who funds My Vote Forward, and could money shape it?
1188. Wikipedia, 2024 Romanian presidential election (secondary)
      en.wikipedia.org · source date 2024-12-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Romania · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Foreign interference: outside governments trying to shape another country’s vote
1189. Wikipedia, Quadratic voting (secondary)
      en.wikipedia.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Colorado; multiple · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Single-issue mobilization: when the most intense voters outweigh the largest number
1190. Wikipedia, Results of the 2016 UK EU membership referendum (figures as reported by the Electoral Commission)
      en.wikipedia.org · source date 2016-06-23 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Referendum failures: when asking everyone produces an answer nobody can use

My Vote Forward sources W to W, part 120

My Vote Forward sources 1191 to 1200:

1191. Wikipedia, Social Choice and Individual Values
      en.wikipedia.org · source date n/a · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: General · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Seminar guide
1192. Wikipedia, The Logic of Collective Action (secondary)
      en.wikipedia.org · source date 1965 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: none · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Single-issue mobilization: when the most intense voters outweigh the largest number
1193. Wikipedia, Voting age (secondary)
      en.wikipedia.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: multiple · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Youth participation: why the youngest eligible voters vote least, and what changes it
1194. Williams v. Rhodes, 393 U.S. 23
      law.cornell.edu · source date 1968-10-15 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: The Australian ballot in America: how a state-printed ballot reshaped parties, candidacy, and design
1195. Wolchok et al., Security Analysis of India’s Electronic Voting Machines, ACM CCS 2010
      jhalderm.com · source date 2010-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: India · 4 ledger claims
      Cited on: India’s electronic voting machines: standalone EVMs, paper slips, and the Supreme Court
1196. Wolchok, Wustrow, Isabel, Halderman, Attacking the Washington, D.C. Internet Voting System, Financial Cryptography 2012
      jhalderm.com · source date 2012-02 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: District of Columbia, United States, Washington, D.C. · 21 ledger claims
      Cited on: Washington, D.C. 2010 internet voting test: a public trial that was breached, Week 11: Election security, internet voting, and evidence-based elections
1197. World Bank WDI, Military expenditure (SIPRI source), MS.MIL.XPND.CD and MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS
      api.worldbank.org · source date 2026-10-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: International · 2 ledger claims
      Cited on: Defense and foreign affairs, Defense and foreign affairs, the evidence
1198. World Bank, World Development Indicators, “Military expenditure (current US$)” (MS.MIL.XPND.CD) and “Military expenditure (% of GDP)” (MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS), source: SIPRI Military Expenditure Database,
      data.worldbank.org
      Cited on: Defense and foreign affairs, Defense and foreign affairs, the evidence
1199. World Prison Brief, Germany
      prisonstudies.org · source date 2025-01-31 data · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Germany · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure
1200. World Prison Brief, United States of America
      prisonstudies.org · source date 2023 data · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
      Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows

My Vote Forward sources W to Z, part 121

My Vote Forward sources 1201 to 1204:

1201. WTOC, Raffensperger: No fraud found in Cobb Co. ballot signature audit
      wtoc.com · source date 2020-12-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Georgia, United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Georgia’s 2020 hand count audit: a full manual tally of about five million ballots
1202. WV Secretary of State release via WV Press Association, W.Va. Secretary of State to deter threats against election systems
      wvpress.org · source date 2019-10-02 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: West Virginia, United States · 2 ledger claims
      Cited on: West Virginia’s mobile voting pilot: Voatz in 2018 and the security reviews that followed
1203. Young, Condorcet’s Theory of Voting, APSR 82(4)
      doi.org · source date 1988 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Ranked preferences: statistical models for lists of what matters most
1204. Zaller, Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion
      doi.org · source date 1992 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
      Cited on: Week 6: Measuring public opinion: attitudes, samples, and nonresponse, Week 7: Agenda power: who decides what the public is asked about

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